A Portable and Quantitative Biosensor for Cadmium Detection Using Glucometer As the Point-of-use Device

As an ubiquitous heavy metal pollutant, cadmium ion (Cd) is detrimental to food and human health even at low concentrations. Conventional methods require costly instruments and cannot meet the requirements of on-site analysis. Here we report the use of a personal glucose meter (PGM) as the point-of-use (POU) device for portable and quantitative detection of Cd. The specific recognition between the aptamer and Cd trigger the recycling signal amplification process by exonuclease III (Exo III). After successive hybridization and cleavage reactions, numerous single-stranded DNA were liberated on the surface of the magnetic bead. An invertase-conjugated DNA that is complementary to the single-stranded DNA is introduced into the sensing system. After magnetic separation, the invertase conjugates hydrolyze sucrose into glucose, thus establishing direct conversion of Cd concentration to glucose amount, which can be directly quantified by a PGM. Thanks to the synergistic signal amplification of Exo III and invertase, the POU device greatly improves the sensitivity for Cd analysis, with a detection limit of 5 p.M. With the advantages of portability, cost-effectiveness, wide availability, and ease of use, the PGM-based detector has the potential to be used by the public as a routine tool for reliable and quantitative detection of Cd.