Mass Spectrometry-based Proteome Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Roles in Cancer Biology

Overview

Journal Exp Mol Med

Specialties Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2019 Mar 16

PMID 30872566

Citations 63

Authors

Raju Bandu

Jae Won Oh

Kwang Pyo Kim

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Over the past three decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have arisen as important mediators of intercellular communication that are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells to regulate various biological processes. EVs are largely responsible for intercellular communication through the delivery of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), DNAs, lipids, and metabolites. EVs released from cancer cells play a significant role in signal transduction between cancer cells and the surrounding cells, which contributes to the formation of tumors and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, EVs released from cancer cells migrate to blood vessels and flow into various biological fluids, including blood and urine. EVs and EV-loaded functional cargoes, including proteins and miRNAs, found in these biological fluids are important biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Therefore, EV proteomics greatly contributes to the understanding of carcinogenesis and tumor progression and is critical for the development of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer. To explore the potential use of EVs as a gateway to understanding cancer biology and to develop cancer biomarkers, we discuss the mass spectrometric identification and characterization of EV proteins from different cancers. Information provided in this review may help in understanding recent progress regarding EV biology and the potential roles of EVs as new noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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