Exploring the Role of Body Mass Index in Relationship of Serum Nitric Oxide and Advanced Glycation End Products in Apparently Healthy Subjects

This study aimed to identify any association of serum nitric oxide (NO) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with body mass index (BMI) in apparently healthy subjects. In this cross-sectional study, participants were 90 apparently healthy subjects, categorized into three BMI groups as follows: BMI≤19.5 (n = 21), 19.6≤BMI≤24.9 (n = 35), and BMI≥25 (n = 34). Serum levels of NO were measured by griess reaction method. Determination of serum pentosidine and carboxymethyllysine (CML) was done using ELISA. Median (95% confidence interval [CI]: lower- upper) of serum NO in subjects with BMI≥25 were 68.94 (CI: 55.01-70.56) μmol/L, which was higher compared with 19.6≤BMI≤24.9 and BMI≤19.5 groups (22.65 (CI: 19.29-28.17) μmol/L and 8.00 (CI: 9.12-29.58) μmol/L, respectively). Serum NO positively correlated with BMI in total subjects (r = 0.585, p<0.001), which this correlation was significant in both male and female groups (r = 0.735, p<0.001 and r = 0.476, p = 0.001, respectively). Serum pentosidine and CML were significantly lower in subjects with higher BMI. Further, BMI showed negative correlations with pentosidine and CML (r = -0.363, p<0.001 and r = -0.484, p<0.001, respectively). There were not any significant differences in serum NO, pentosidine, and CML levels between sex groups. After adjusting the effects of confounders (BMI, sex, age, and waist to hip ratio), serum NO significantly correlated with serum pentosidine and CML (r = -0.319, p = 0.003 and r = -0.433, p<0.001, respectively). It is concluded that higher BMI is accompanied by increased serum NO and suppressed pentosidine and CML.