Hemerythrin E3 Ubiquitin Ligases As Negative Regulators of Iron Homeostasis in Plants

Overview

Journal Front Plant Sci

Date 2019 Mar 1

PMID 30815004

Citations 24

Authors

Jorge Rodriguez-Celma

Hsuan Chou

Takanori Kobayashi

Terri A Long

Janneke Balk

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants, but at the same time its redox properties can make it a dangerous toxin inside living cells. Homeostasis between uptake, use and storage of Fe must be maintained at all times. A small family of unique hemerythrin E3 ubiquitin ligases found in green algae and plants play an important role in avoiding toxic Fe overload, acting as negative regulators of Fe homeostasis. Protein interaction data showed that they target specific transcription factors for degradation by the 26S proteasome. It is thought that the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligases is controlled by Fe binding to the N-terminal hemerythrin motifs. Here, we discuss what we have learned so far from studies on the HRZ (Hemerythrin RING Zinc finger) proteins in rice, the homologous BTS (BRUTUS) and root-specific BTSL (BRUTUS-LIKE) in Arabidopsis. A mechanistic model is proposed to help focus future research questions towards a full understanding of the regulatory role of these proteins in Fe homeostasis in plants.

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