Stem Cells: Past, Present, and Future

Overview

Journal Stem Cell Res Ther

Publisher Biomed Central

Date 2019 Feb 28

PMID 30808416

Citations 602

Authors

Wojciech Zakrzewski

Maciej Dobrzynski

Maria Szymonowicz

Zbigniew Rybak

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In recent years, stem cell therapy has become a very promising and advanced scientific research topic. The development of treatment methods has evoked great expectations. This paper is a review focused on the discovery of different stem cells and the potential therapies based on these cells. The genesis of stem cells is followed by laboratory steps of controlled stem cell culturing and derivation. Quality control and teratoma formation assays are important procedures in assessing the properties of the stem cells tested. Derivation methods and the utilization of culturing media are crucial to set proper environmental conditions for controlled differentiation. Among many types of stem tissue applications, the use of graphene scaffolds and the potential of extracellular vesicle-based therapies require attention due to their versatility. The review is summarized by challenges that stem cell therapy must overcome to be accepted worldwide. A wide variety of possibilities makes this cutting edge therapy a turning point in modern medicine, providing hope for untreatable diseases.

Citing Articles

Genetically modified stem cells for osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.

Huang M, Wu X, Xiao N, Huang X, Lin P BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025; 26(1):259.

PMID: 40087619 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-08507-0.

Endocannabinoid system upregulates the enrichment and differentiation of human iPSC- derived spermatogonial stem cells via CB2R agonism.

Gizer M, Onen S, Erol O, Aerts-Kaya F, Recber T, Nemutlu E Biol Res. 2025; 58(1):13.

PMID: 40069895 PMC: 11900634. DOI: 10.1186/s40659-025-00596-4.

Cell Population Analyses of Neurospheres Generated In Vitro from Ovarian Cortical Cells in Mammals: Characterization by Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry.

Gonzalez-Gil A, Sanchez-Maldonado B, Sanchez Perez A, Aranda P, Picazo R Methods Mol Biol. 2025; 2899:289-307.

PMID: 40067632 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4386-0_20.

Therapeutic effect of long-interval repeated subcutaneous administration of canine amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells in atopic dermatitis mouse model.

Kim M, Kong D, Kim N, Kim M, Kim H, Choi J BMC Vet Res. 2025; 21(1):115.

PMID: 40011929 PMC: 11866708. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-025-04554-w.

The Impact of Ozone on Periodontal Cell Line Viability and Function.

Hashim N, Babiker R, Dasnadi S, Islam M, Chaitanya N, Mohammed R Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2025; 47(2).

PMID: 39996793 PMC: 11854817. DOI: 10.3390/cimb47020072.

References

Yuan A, Farber E, Rapoport A, Tejada D, Deniskin R, Akhmedov N . Transfer of microRNAs by embryonic stem cell microvesicles. PLoS One. 2009; 4(3):e4722. PMC: 2648987. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004722. View

Gronthos S, Brahim J, Li W, Fisher L, Cherman N, Boyde A . Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells. J Dent Res. 2002; 81(8):531-5. DOI: 10.1177/154405910208100806. View

Seo B, Sonoyama W, Yamaza T, Coppe C, Kikuiri T, Akiyama K . SHED repair critical-size calvarial defects in mice. Oral Dis. 2008; 14(5):428-34. PMC: 2653202. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01396.x. View

Peng J, Zeng X . The role of induced pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine: neurodegenerative diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2011; 2(4):32. PMC: 3219063. DOI: 10.1186/scrt73. View

Daley G, Hyun I, Apperley J, Barker R, Benvenisty N, Bredenoord A . Setting Global Standards for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation: The 2016 ISSCR Guidelines. Stem Cell Reports. 2016; 6(6):787-797. PMC: 4912385. DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.05.001. View

Heins N, Englund M, Sjoblom C, Dahl U, Tonning A, Bergh C . Derivation, characterization, and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells. 2004; 22(3):367-76. DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.22-3-367. View

Li R, Lin Q, Liang X, Liu G, Tang H, Wang Y . Stem cell therapy for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head: From clinical applications to related basic research. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018; 9(1):291. PMC: 6202807. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1018-7. View

Handa K, Saito M, Tsunoda A, Yamauchi M, Hattori S, Sato S . Progenitor cells from dental follicle are able to form cementum matrix in vivo. Connect Tissue Res. 2002; 43(2-3):406-8. DOI: 10.1080/03008200290001023. View

Kadzik R, Morrisey E . Directing lung endoderm differentiation in pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2012; 10(4):355-61. PMC: 3366272. DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.03.013. View

10.

Yang L, Soonpaa M, Adler E, Roepke T, Kattman S, Kennedy M . Human cardiovascular progenitor cells develop from a KDR+ embryonic-stem-cell-derived population. Nature. 2008; 453(7194):524-8. DOI: 10.1038/nature06894. View

11.

Sullivan S, Stacey G, Akazawa C, Aoyama N, Baptista R, Bedford P . Quality control guidelines for clinical-grade human induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Regen Med. 2018; 13(7):859-866. DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0095. View

12.

Ledesma-Martinez E, Mendoza-Nunez V, Santiago-Osorio E . Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Dental Pulp: A Review. Stem Cells Int. 2016; 2016:4709572. PMC: 4686712. DOI: 10.1155/2016/4709572. View

13.

Conde M, Chisini L, Grazioli G, Francia A, de Carvalho R, Alcazar J . Does Cryopreservation Affect the Biological Properties of Stem Cells from Dental Tissues? A Systematic Review. Braz Dent J. 2016; 27(6):633-640. DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600980. View

14.

Ohi Y, Qin H, Hong C, Blouin L, Polo J, Guo T . Incomplete DNA methylation underlies a transcriptional memory of somatic cells in human iPS cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2011; 13(5):541-9. PMC: 3987913. DOI: 10.1038/ncb2239. View

15.

Wichterle H, Lieberam I, Porter J, Jessell T . Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into motor neurons. Cell. 2002; 110(3):385-97. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00835-8. View

16.

Nukaya D, Minami K, Hoshikawa R, Yokoi N, Seino S . Preferential gene expression and epigenetic memory of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from mouse pancreas. Genes Cells. 2015; 20(5):367-81. DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12227. View

17.

Nemeth C, Janebodin K, Yuan A, Dennis J, Reyes M, Kim D . Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A. 2014; 20(21-22):2817-29. PMC: 4229712. DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2013.0614. View

18.

Tigges J, Krutmann J, Fritsche E, Haendeler J, Schaal H, Fischer J . The hallmarks of fibroblast ageing. Mech Ageing Dev. 2014; 138:26-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.03.004. View

19.

Ellerstrom C, Strehl R, Noaksson K, Hyllner J, Semb H . Facilitated expansion of human embryonic stem cells by single-cell enzymatic dissociation. Stem Cells. 2007; 25(7):1690-6. DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0607. View

20.

Luan X, Ito Y, Dangaria S, Diekwisch T . Dental follicle progenitor cell heterogeneity in the developing mouse periodontium. Stem Cells Dev. 2006; 15(4):595-608. PMC: 2738600. DOI: 10.1089/scd.2006.15.595. View