Etiology and Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Acute Pancreatitis in Saudi Arabia: a 20-year Experience from a Single Tertiary Center

Background: Cases of acute pancreatitis (AP) have increased among pediatric populations worldwide; however, the natural course of this condition in Saudi Arabia was unknown.

Aim: To report the characteristics as well as outcomes of pediatric AP.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted to include acute pancreatitis in patients ≤ 19 years. The period was from 1994 until 2015. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging and outcome data were collected and analyzed.

Results: 50 patients (n = 26; 52% males vs. n = 24; 48% females) were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 11.6 years. The mean length of hospital stay was 10.5 days. 9 (18%) patients had a recurrence of AP and 4 (8%) had complications. Idiopathic AP was the most frequent etiology (n = 21; 42%), followed by cholelithiasis (n = 11; 22%). 2 patients (4%) had drug-induced AP, where one was taking isoniazid and the other had taken a large amount of erythromycin, amoxicillin and ibuprofen. 2 choledochal cysts complicated by AP (4%). Pancreaticobiliary diseases, as a complete entity, accounted for 34% ( = 17). Clinically, abdominal pain (n = 47; 94%) and vomiting (n = 38; 76%) were most commonly encountered. KUB was non-diagnostic in all patients. No patient died during their admission.

Conclusion: Although still relatively uncommon in Saudi Arabia, there are on average 2-3 cases of pediatric AP diagnosed annually in our institution. Idiopathic AP was the most common cause. Isoniazid and choledochal cysts are rare causes of AP and were reported in the study.