Comparative Analysis of Cognitive Impairment Prevalence and Its Etiological Subtypes in a Rural Area of Northern China Between 2010 and 2015

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2019 Jan 31

PMID 30696930

Citations 12

Authors

Hui Lu

Xiao-Dan Wang

Zhihong Shi

Wei Yue

Ying Zhang

Shuai Liu

Shuling Liu

Lei Zhao

Lei Xiang

Yajing Zhang

Yalin Guan

Wenhua Su

Zhiyong Li

Jinhuan Wang

Thomas Wisniewski

Yong Ji

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment (CI) by analyzing and comparing two cross-sectional epidemiological surveys of CI and its subtypes were performed in a rural area of northern China between 2010 and 2015. Residents aged ≥60 years were drawn in northern China. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is recommended to test for CI. Dementia was further categorised into Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and dementia caused by other diseases (ODs). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was classified into MCI caused by AD (MCI-A), MCI caused by VaD (MCI-VD), and MCI caused by ODs (MCI-O). The prevalence of CI increased in China. The prevalence of all-cause CI was 30·5% (22.9% MCI and 7.6% dementia) in 2010. The prevalence of all-cause CI was 38.3% (27.8% MCI and 10.5% dementia) in 2015. Similar increases were observed for the prevalence of subtypes of dementia and MCI. These findings suggest an increasing prevalence of CI and its subtypes in China, which may be related to alterations in sociodemographic factors, vascular risk factors and lifestyle changes over time in these cohorts.

Citing Articles

Association of low socioeconomic status with cognitive decline among older persons in underdeveloped areas in China - a data analysis of the Gansu aging study.

Zhang J, Feng Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Cheng H, Wang Y BMC Geriatr. 2024; 24(1):908.

PMID: 39511472 PMC: 11545157. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05496-y.

Empty nest but better off? Association between empty nest status and cognitive function among older adults with chronic diseases in rural China.

Gao Q, Wei X, Lei C, Wang X, Yue A, Hao R BMC Geriatr. 2024; 24(1):825.

PMID: 39395950 PMC: 11470645. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05386-3.

Evidence from a meta-analysis and systematic review reveals the global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment.

Song W, Wu W, Zhao Y, Xu H, Chen G, Jin S Front Aging Neurosci. 2023; 15:1227112.

PMID: 37965493 PMC: 10641463. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1227112.

Self-perceived care needs and quality of life in people with cognitive impairment during routine care at home: cross-sectional results of the interventional study.

Zhang J, Xu X, Zhang X, Yin Y, Wang J BMC Geriatr. 2023; 23(1):185.

PMID: 36991348 PMC: 10061730. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03846-w.

Temporal Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Trends in the Very Old in the 21st Century.

Weidung B, Lovheim H, Littbrand H, Wahlin J, Olofsson B, Gustafson Y J Alzheimers Dis. 2023; 93(1):61-74.

PMID: 36938733 PMC: 10200221. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-220915.

References

Lobo A, Launer L, Fratiglioni L, Andersen K, Di Carlo A, Breteler M . Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. Neurology. 2000; 54(11 Suppl 5):S4-9. View

Hebert R, Lindsay J, Verreault R, Rockwood K, Hill G, Dubois M . Vascular dementia : incidence and risk factors in the Canadian study of health and aging. Stroke. 2000; 31(7):1487-93. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.31.7.1487. View

Rondeau V, Commenges D, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Dartigues J . Relation between aluminum concentrations in drinking water and Alzheimer's disease: an 8-year follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol. 2000; 152(1):59-66. PMC: 2215380. DOI: 10.1093/aje/152.1.59. View

Kimura S, Saito H, Minami M, Togashi H, Nakamura N, Nemoto M . Pathogenesis of vascular dementia in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Toxicology. 2000; 153(1-3):167-78. DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00312-7. View

Fillenbaum G, Hanlon J, Landerman L, Schmader K . Impact of estrogen use on decline in cognitive function in a representative sample of older community-resident women. Am J Epidemiol. 2001; 153(2):137-44. DOI: 10.1093/aje/153.2.137. View

Morris J, Storandt M, Miller J, McKeel D, Price J, Rubin E . Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2001; 58(3):397-405. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.58.3.397. View

Posner H, Tang M, Luchsinger J, Lantigua R, Stern Y, Mayeux R . The relationship of hypertension in the elderly to AD, vascular dementia, and cognitive function. Neurology. 2002; 58(8):1175-81. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.58.8.1175. View

Kivipelto M, Helkala E, Laakso M, Hanninen T, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K . Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer disease. Ann Intern Med. 2002; 137(3):149-55. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00006. View

Letenneur L, Larrieu S, Barberger-Gateau P . Alcohol and tobacco consumption as risk factors of dementia: a review of epidemiological studies. Biomed Pharmacother. 2004; 58(2):95-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2003.12.004. View

10.

Zhang Z, Zahner G, Roman G, Liu J, Hong Z, Qu Q . Dementia subtypes in China: prevalence in Beijing, Xian, Shanghai, and Chengdu. Arch Neurol. 2005; 62(3):447-53. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.62.3.447. View

11.

Berr C, Wancata J, Ritchie K . Prevalence of dementia in the elderly in Europe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005; 15(4):463-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.003. View

12.

Ferri C, Prince M, Brayne C, Brodaty H, Fratiglioni L, Ganguli M . Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet. 2005; 366(9503):2112-7. PMC: 2850264. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67889-0. View

13.

Scarmeas N, Albert S, Manly J, Stern Y . Education and rates of cognitive decline in incident Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006; 77(3):308-16. PMC: 2077720. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.072306. View

14.

Gauthier S, Reisberg B, Zaudig M, Petersen R, Ritchie K, Broich K . Mild cognitive impairment. Lancet. 2006; 367(9518):1262-70. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68542-5. View

15.

Li S, Yan F, Li G, Chen C, Zhang W, Liu J . Is the dementia rate increasing in Beijing? Prevalence and incidence of dementia 10 years later in an urban elderly population. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007; 115(1):73-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00859.x. View

16.

Rocca W, Hofman A, Brayne C, Breteler M, Clarke M, Copeland J . The prevalence of vascular dementia in Europe: facts and fragments from 1980-1990 studies. EURODEM-Prevalence Research Group. Ann Neurol. 1991; 30(6):817-24. DOI: 10.1002/ana.410300611. View

17.

Moretti R, Torre P, Antonello R, Manganaro D, Vilotti C, Pizzolato G . Risk factors for vascular dementia: hypotension as a key point. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008; 4(2):395-402. PMC: 2496988. DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s2434. View

18.

Sousa R, Ferri C, Acosta D, Albanese E, Guerra M, Huang Y . Contribution of chronic diseases to disability in elderly people in countries with low and middle incomes: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based survey. Lancet. 2009; 374(9704):1821-30. PMC: 2854331. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61829-8. View

19.

Rusanen M, Rovio S, Ngandu T, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J, Soininen H . Midlife smoking, apolipoprotein E and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a population-based cardiovascular risk factors, aging and dementia study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010; 30(3):277-84. DOI: 10.1159/000320484. View

20.

Rusanen M, Kivipelto M, Quesenberry Jr C, Zhou J, Whitmer R . Heavy smoking in midlife and long-term risk of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Arch Intern Med. 2010; 171(4):333-9. DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.393. View