Aberrant Resting-state Functional Connectivity of Salience Network in First-episode Schizophrenia

The disruption of salience network (SN) has been consistently found in patients with schizophrenia and thought to give rise to specific symptoms. However, the functional dysconnectivity pattern of SN remains unclear in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Sixty-five patients with FES and sixty-six health controls (HC) were enrolled in this study and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The eleven regions of interest (ROIs) within SN were derived from the peaks of the group independent component analysis (gICA). Seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed with all SN ROIs as the seeds. Both hyper- and hypo-connectivity of SN were found in the FES. Specifically, the increased FC mainly existed between the SN and cortico-cerebellar sub-circuit and prefrontal cortex, while the reduced FC mainly existed within cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) sub-circuit. Our findings suggest that FES is associated with pronounced dysregulation of SN, characterized prominently by hyperconnectivity of SN-prefrontal cortex and cerebellum, as well as hypoconnectivity of CSTC sub-circuit of the SN.