A Fatal Overdose of Carbamazepine: Case Report and Review of Literature

Carbamazepine is a drug of choice for partial epilepsies, certain affective disorders and neuralgic pain syndromes. It has an excellent safety record; however, overdose can be dangerous. This article reports one of the very few fatalities from carbamazepine overdosage, in an individual with a peak carbamazepine level of 54 mg/L. Manifestations of this and other major carbamazepine overdoses reviewed from the literature were similar to those of tricyclic - anticholinergic overdose, with coma, hypotension, respiratory depression, cardiac arrhythmias, abnormal movements and seizures. Fatality from cardiovascular causes occurred despite decline of serum carbamazepine levels to the putatively non-toxic range, emphasizing the potential for delayed consequences of carbamazepine overdosage. Management should consist of vigorous gastric lavage and installation of activated charcoal, full supportive care in a monitored setting and consideration of early charcoal hemoperfusion, before the patient becomes hypotensive.