Identification and Expression of the Medaka Inhibin βE Subunit
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Activin E, a member of the TGF-β super family, is a protein dimer of mature inhibin βE subunits. Recently, it is reported that hepatic activin E may act as a hepatokine that alter whole body energy/glucose metabolism in human. However, orthologues of the activin E gene have yet to be identified in lower vertebrates, including fish. Here, we cloned the medaka (Oryzias latipes) activin E cDNA from liver. Among all the mammalian inhibin β subunits, the mature medaka activin E amino acid sequence shares the highest homology with mammalian activin E. Recombinant expression studies suggest that medaka activin E, the disulfide-bound mature form of mature inhibin βE subunits, may exert its effects in a way similar to that in mammals. Although activin E mRNA is predominantly expressed in liver in mammals, it is ubiquitously expressed in medaka tissues. Since expression in the liver was enhanced after a high fat diet, medaka activin E may be associated with energy/glucose metabolism, as shown in mice and human.
Friend or foe for obesity: How hepatokines remodel adipose tissues and translational perspective.
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu J Genes Dis. 2023; 10(3):825-847.
PMID: 37396511 PMC: 10308077. DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.011.