Molecular Damage and Responses of Oral Keratinocyte to Hydrogen Peroxide

Overview

Journal BMC Oral Health

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2019 Jan 13

PMID 30634966

Citations 16

Authors

Kuan-Yu Lin

Ching-Hung Chung

Jheng-Sian Ciou

Pei-Fang Su

Pei-Wen Wang

Dar-Bin Shieh

Tzu-Chueh Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Hydrogen peroxide (HO)-based tooth bleaching reagents have recently increased in popularity and controversy. HO gel (3%) is used in a Nightguard for vital bleaching; transient tooth sensitivity and oral mucosa irritation have been reported. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity have also been significant concerns.

Methods: We used primary cultured normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) as an in vitro model to investigate the pathological effects to mitochondria functions on human oral keratinocytes exposed to different doses of HO for different durations.

Results: An MTT assay showed compromised cell viability at a dose over 5 mM. The treatments induced nuclear DNA damage, measured using a single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed HO induced significant increase in mitochondrial 4977-bp deletion. Mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis assays suggested that oxidative damage defense mechanisms were activated after prolonged exposure to HO. Reduced intracellular glutathione was an effective defense against oxidative damage from 5 mM of HO.

Conclusion: Our study suggests the importance for keratinocyte damage of the dose and the duration of the exposure to HO in at-home-bleaching. A treatment dose ≥100 mM directly causes severe cytotoxicity with as little as 15 min of exposure.

Citing Articles

A multimodal approach to assess the safety of oral care products using 2D and 3D cellular models.

Leano S, de Souza W, De Vecchi R, Lopes A, Deliberador T, Granjeiro J Front Toxicol. 2024; 6:1474583.

PMID: 39568718 PMC: 11576945. DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1474583.

Navigating the redox landscape: reactive oxygen species in regulation of cell cycle.

Mackova V, Raudenska M, Polanska H, Jakubek M, Masarik M Redox Rep. 2024; 29(1):2371173.

PMID: 38972297 PMC: 11637001. DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2371173.

Cellular Pre-Adaptation to the High O Concentration Used in Standard Cell Culture Confers Resistance to Subsequent HO-Induced Cell Death.

Jordan J, Smallwood M, Smerdon G, Winyard P Antioxidants (Basel). 2024; 13(3).

PMID: 38539802 PMC: 10967602. DOI: 10.3390/antiox13030269.

Periodontitis and risk of cancer: Mechanistic evidence.

Baima G, Minoli M, Michaud D, Aimetti M, Sanz M, Loos B Periodontol 2000. 2023; 96(1):83-94.

PMID: 38102837 PMC: 11579815. DOI: 10.1111/prd.12540.

Assessment of Oxidative Stress-Induced Oral Epithelial Toxicity.

Mohammed A, Sangha S, Nguyen H, Shin D, Pan M, Park H Biomolecules. 2023; 13(8).

PMID: 37627304 PMC: 10452318. DOI: 10.3390/biom13081239.

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