Large Extracellular Vesicles: Have We Found the Holy Grail of Inflammation?

Overview

Journal Front Immunol

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2019 Jan 9

PMID 30619239

Citations 94

Authors

Artur Slomka

Sabine Katharina Urban

Veronika Lukacs-Kornek

Ewa Zekanowska

Miroslaw Kornek

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The terms microparticles (MPs) and microvesicles (MVs) refer to large extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated from a broad spectrum of cells upon its activation or death by apoptosis. The unique surface antigens of MPs/MVs allow for the identification of their cellular origin as well as its functional characterization. Two basic aspects of MP/MV functions in physiology and pathological conditions are widely considered. Firstly, it has become evident that large EVs have strong procoagulant properties. Secondly, experimental and clinical studies have shown that MPs/MVs play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of inflammation-associated disorders. A cardinal feature of these disorders is an enhanced generation of platelets-, endothelial-, and leukocyte-derived EVs. Nevertheless, anti-inflammatory effects of miscellaneous EV types have also been described, which provided important new insights into the large EV-inflammation axis. Advances in understanding the biology of MPs/MVs have led to the preparation of this review article aimed at discussing the association between large EVs and inflammation, depending on their cellular origin.

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