Factors Affecting Phantom Limb Pain in Patients Undergoing Amputation: Retrospective Study

Overview

Journal J Anesth

Specialty Anesthesiology

Date 2019 Jan 4

PMID 30603827

Citations 9

Authors

Satoko Noguchi

Junichi Saito

Kishiko Nakai

Masato Kitayama

Kazuyoshi Hirota

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: The efficacy of preemptive analgesia for prevention of phantom limb pain has been controversial although pain management before amputation is empirically important. The aim of this study was to determine the associated factors with perioperative phantom limb pain.

Methods: Following approval by the Medical Ethics Committee in our university, medical records of patients receiving limb amputation surgery in our hospital between April 1, 2013 and October 31, 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. To determine which pre-operative factors could affect the development of phantom limb pain, we performed univariate analysis to find candidate factors (p < 0.05), and then did multivariate regression analysis.

Results: Incidence of phantom limb pain was 50% (22/44). There was no difference between the groups in types of anesthesia and post-operative pain levels. The multivariate logistic regression including possible confounders suggested that diabetes mellitus and uncontrollable preoperative pain with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were independently associated with the development of phantom limb pain (Adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.238 [95% confidential interval (CI) 0.0643-0.883], p = 0.032, Adjusted OR 6.360 [95% CI 1.280-31.50], p = 0.024, respectively).

Conclusion: The types of anesthesia and the degree of postoperative pain were not related to the development of phantom limb pain. The present data suggest that insufficient preoperative pain with NSAIDs and diabetes mellitus would give an impact on the development of phantom limb pain.

Citing Articles

Epidemiology and risk factors for phantom limb pain.

Ishigami S, Boctor C Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2024; 5:1425544.

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Risk Factors Analysis of Phantom Limb Pain in Amputees with Malignant Tumors.

Huo X, Huang P, Di H, Ma T, Jiang S, Yao J J Pain Res. 2023; 16:3979-3992.

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Phantom Limb Pain and Painful Neuroma After Dysvascular Lower-Extremity Amputation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Langeveld M, Bosman R, Hundepool C, Duraku L, McGhee C, Zuidam J Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2023; 58(2):142-150.

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An Algorithm Approach to Phantom Limb Pain.

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Phantom Limb Pain and Sensations in Chinese Malignant Tumor Amputees: A Retrospective Epidemiological Study.

Jiang S, Zheng K, Wang W, Pei Y, Qiu E, Zhu G Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2021; 17:1579-1587.

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