A Bone Preservation Protocol That Enables Evaluation of Osseointegration of Implants with Micro- and Nanotextured Surfaces

Development of surface treatments has enabled secure attachment of dental implants in less than 1 month. Consequently, it is necessary to characterize accurately the osseointegration of the implant surface in the region of the bone-implant contact (BIC). We developed a method for sample preparation that preserves both bone and BIC to permit analysis of the contact interface. We prepared eight nanotextured implants and implanted them in rabbit tibias. After healing for 30 days, outcomes were analyzed using both our bone preservation protocol and routine decalcification followed by preparation of histological sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Pull-out tests for implant osseointegration were performed after healing. Non-implanted samples of rabbit mandible were used as a control for assessing organic and mineralized bone characteristics and bone structure. Our bone preservation protocol enabled evaluation of many of the same bone characteristics as histological sections stained with H & E. Our protocol enables analysis of implant samples, implant surfaces and osseointegration without risk of BIC damage.