Pediatric Ultrasonography of the Pancreas: Normal and Abnormal Findings

Overview

Journal J Ultrasound

Publisher Springer

Specialty Radiology

Date 2018 Dec 16

PMID 30552664

Citations 10

Authors

Marco Di Serafino

Valerio Vitale

Rosa Severino

Luigi Barbuto

Norberto Vezzali

Federica Ferro

Eugenio Rossi

Maria Grazia Caprio

Valeria Raia

Gianfranco Vallone

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The pancreas is easily investigated in children thanks to the relative lack of fat tissue and the large left hepatic lobe with an optimal acoustic window. The use of high frequency, even linear transducers, usually results in detailed images of all pancreatic areas. A wide spectrum of pancreatic pathologic conditions can be identified and monitored at ultrasound although they are relatively uncommon during childhood compared to the adult. In this paper we briefly review the anatomy, technique, and sonographic aspects of normal and pathological pediatric pancreas.

Citing Articles

Pancreatic ultrasound: An update of measurements, reference values, and variations of the pancreas.

Meier J, Lucius C, Moller K, Jenssen C, Zervides C, Gschmack A Ultrasound Int Open. 2024; 10:a23899085.

PMID: 39411753 PMC: 11475099. DOI: 10.1055/a-2389-9085.

The effect of a combined rehabilitation program on the temporomandibular joint in systemic sclerosis evaluated by ultrasound exam.

Melchiorre D, Passalacqua M, Maresca M, Landi G, Bagni M, El Aoufy K J Ultrasound. 2023; 27(2):297-302.

PMID: 38097897 PMC: 11178700. DOI: 10.1007/s40477-023-00839-8.

Pancreatic duct imaging during aging.

Moller K, Jenssen C, Ignee A, Hocke M, Faiss S, Iglesias-Garcia J Endosc Ultrasound. 2023; 12(2):200-212.

PMID: 37148134 PMC: 10237600. DOI: 10.4103/EUS-D-22-00119.

Ultrasound findings of acute pancreatitis in children.

Trout A, Patel R, Nathan J, Lin T, Vitale D, Nasr A Pediatr Radiol. 2022; 52(12):2342-2347.

PMID: 35554642 PMC: 10103011. DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05381-z.

The Impact of Different Lung Ultrasound Protocols in the Assessment of Lung Lesions in COVID-19 Patients: Is There an Ideal Lung Ultrasound Protocol?.

Tung-Chen Y, Ossaba-Velez S, Acosta Velasquez K, Parra-Gordo M, Diez-Tascon A, Villen-Villegas T J Ultrasound. 2021; 25(3):483-491.

PMID: 34855187 PMC: 8638638. DOI: 10.1007/s40477-021-00610-x.

References

Chao H, Lin S, Kong M, Luo C . Sonographic evaluation of the pancreatic duct in normal children and children with pancreatitis. J Ultrasound Med. 2000; 19(11):757-63. DOI: 10.7863/jum.2000.19.11.757. View

Vijayaraghavan S . Sonography of pancreatic ductal anatomic characteristics in annular pancreas. J Ultrasound Med. 2002; 21(11):1315-8. DOI: 10.7863/jum.2002.21.11.1315. View

Nijs E, Callahan M, Taylor G . Disorders of the pediatric pancreas: imaging features. Pediatr Radiol. 2004; 35(4):358-73. DOI: 10.1007/s00247-004-1326-1. View

De Boeck K, Weren M, Proesmans M, Kerem E . Pancreatitis among patients with cystic fibrosis: correlation with pancreatic status and genotype. Pediatrics. 2005; 115(4):e463-9. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-1764. View

Chung E, Travis M, Conran R . Pancreatic tumors in children: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2006; 26(4):1211-38. DOI: 10.1148/rg.264065012. View

Haber H . Cystic fibrosis in children and young adults: findings on routine abdominal sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007; 189(1):89-99. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.06.1046. View

Nijs E, Callahan M . Congenital and developmental pancreatic anomalies: ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging features. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2007; 28(5):395-401. DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2007.08.001. View

Burroughs L, Woolfrey A, Shimamura A . Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: a review of the clinical presentation, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2009; 23(2):233-48. PMC: 2754297. DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2009.01.007. View

Esposito F, Di Serafino M, Sgambati P, Mercogliano F, Tarantino L, Vallone G . Ultrasound contrast media in paediatric patients: is it an off-label use? Regulatory requirements and radiologist's liability. Radiol Med. 2011; 117(1):148-59. DOI: 10.1007/s11547-011-0718-1. View

10.

Borghei P, Sokhandon F, Shirkhoda A, Morgan D . Anomalies, anatomic variants, and sources of diagnostic pitfalls in pancreatic imaging. Radiology. 2012; 266(1):28-36. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12112469. View

11.

Srinath A, Lowe M . Pediatric pancreatitis. Pediatr Rev. 2013; 34(2):79-90. DOI: 10.1542/pir.34-2-79. View

12.

Valentino M, De Luca C, Galloni S, Branchini M, Modolon C, Pavlica P . Contrast-enhanced US evaluation in patients with blunt abdominal trauma(). J Ultrasound. 2013; 13(1):22-7. PMC: 3552645. DOI: 10.1016/j.jus.2010.06.002. View

13.

Ahmed T, Chavhan G, Navarro O, Traubici J . Imaging features of pancreatic tumors in children: 13-year experience at a pediatric tertiary hospital. Pediatr Radiol. 2013; 43(11):1435-43. DOI: 10.1007/s00247-013-2721-2. View

14.

van Rijn R, Nievelstein R . Paediatric ultrasonography of the liver, hepatobiliary tract and pancreas. Eur J Radiol. 2014; 83(9):1570-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.03.025. View

15.

Lv F, Tang J, Luo Y, Nie Y, Liang T, Jiao Z . Emergency contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for pancreatic injuries in blunt abdominal trauma. Radiol Med. 2014; 119(12):920-927. DOI: 10.1007/s11547-014-0410-3. View

16.

Alahmadi R, Almuhammadi S . Annular pancreas: a cause of gastric outlet obstruction in a 20-year-old patient. Am J Case Rep. 2014; 15:437-40. PMC: 4206480. DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.891041. View

17.

Restrepo R, Hagerott H, Kulkarni S, Yasrebi M, Lee E . Acute Pancreatitis in Pediatric Patients: Demographics, Etiology, and Diagnostic Imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016; 206(3):632-44. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.14.14223. View

18.

Englum B, Gulack B, Rice H, Scarborough J, Adibe O . Management of blunt pancreatic trauma in children: Review of the National Trauma Data Bank. J Pediatr Surg. 2016; 51(9):1526-31. PMC: 5142528. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.05.003. View

19.

Cantisani V, Dietrich C, Badea R, Dudea S, Prosch H, Cerezo E . EFSUMB Statement on Medical Student Education in Ultrasound [long version]. Ultrasound Int Open. 2016; 2(1):E2-7. PMC: 5023223. DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1569413. View

20.

Abu-El-Haija M, Kumar S, Szabo F, Werlin S, Conwell D, Banks P . Classification of Acute Pancreatitis in the Pediatric Population: Clinical Report From the NASPGHAN Pancreas Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 64(6):984-990. DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001583. View