Hypertension Is an Independent Predictor of Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in Young Adults with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: Risk factors of multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) among young acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients remain elusive now.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 187 consecutive young (age ≤45 years) ACS patients (75 STEMI, 30 NSTEMI, and 72 unstable angina) hospitalized in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2016. Thirty-six young male patients with normal coronary angiography (CAG) findings (no-CAD), who underwent CAG due to suspected chest pain in this period, served as control group. There were 83 patients with single-vessel disease (SVD) and 104 patients with multiple-vessel disease (MVD) among ACS patients. Patients were followed up for a mean of 267±124 days by clinical visit or telephone calls.

Results: All included patients were male. Prevalence of hypertension (57.2% vs. 30.6%, p=0.002) and smoking (70.6% vs. 52.8%, p=0.049) was significantly higher in ACS patients than in no-CAD patients. Prevalence of hypertension (72.1% vs. 38.6%, p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in MVD group than in SVD group. Multivariable analysis revealed that hypertension was an independent risk factor for MVD after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, smoking, family history of premature CAD, hyperlipidemia, left ventricular ejection fraction, and brain natriuretic peptide (odds ratio=3.71, 95% confidence interval=1.84-7.46, p<0.001). Rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow-up (20.2% vs. 4.8%) was significantly higher in MVD group compared with SVD group.

Conclusions: Hypertension is an independent predictor of MVD and MVD is associated with increased MACE rate compared to SVD in young ACS patients during the short-term follow-up.