Pain Measurement Techniques: Spotlight on Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Overview

Journal J Pain Res

Publisher Dove Medical Press

Date 2018 Dec 13

PMID 30538536

Citations 8

Authors

Isabela Freire Azevedo-Santos

Josimari Melo DeSantana

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Procedural pain is a frequent problem in intensive care units (ICUs). For that, pain assessment has been increasingly introduced to the ICU professional's routine, and studies have been developed to show the relevance of measuring pain in critically ill patients.

Objective: This review aimed to describe pain measurement techniques for mechanically ventilated adult patients based on evidence and already published.

Method: Systematic literature search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords "pain", "pain measurement", "intensive care units" and "respiration, artificial" were combined to the Boolean operator AND. No language or publication year was limited in this search. The purpose and method of all papers were analyzed and only studies which described pain assessment in mechanically ventilated patients were included in this review.

Results: Objective methods were found in the literature to assess pain in mechanically ventilated adults. Behavioral scales were the most used method for pain measurement in noncommunicative patients. Vital signs were used, but the reliability of this method was questioned. Pupillometry, bispectral index and skin conductance were found and described as pain assessment methods.

Conclusion: This review showed that objective measures, as behavioral scales, are the gold standard tools to measure pain intensity in noncommunicative subjects. These data contribute to professionals' knowledge about ICU pain measurement and emphasize its importance and consequences for adequate pain management.

Citing Articles

Preliminary clinical testing to inform development of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool for Families (CPOT-Fam).

Shahid A, Sept B, Owen V, Johnstone C, Paramalingam R, Moss S Can J Pain. 2023; 7(2):2235399.

PMID: 37719471 PMC: 10503446. DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2023.2235399.

Development and preclinical testing of the critical care pain observation tool for family caregiver use (CPOT-Fam).

Shahid A, Sept B, Longmore S, Owen V, Moss S, Soo A Health Sci Rep. 2022; 6(1):e986.

PMID: 36514328 PMC: 9732740. DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.986.

Study protocol: development and pilot testing of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool for families (CPOT-Fam).

Shahid A, Owen V, Sept B, Longmore S, Soo A, Brundin-Mather R Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2022; 8(1):147.

PMID: 35842680 PMC: 9287531. DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01102-3.

Pain Assessment in Intensive Care Unit: A Forgotten Entity or a Quality Indicator?.

Havaldar A Indian J Crit Care Med. 2022; 26(4):419-420.

PMID: 35656065 PMC: 9067476. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24191.

MEYE: Web App for Translational and Real-Time Pupillometry.

Mazziotti R, Carrara F, Viglione A, Lupori L, Lo Verde L, Benedetto A eNeuro. 2021; 8(5).

PMID: 34518364 PMC: 8489024. DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0122-21.2021.

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