Detection, Characterization, and Antibiogram of Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase Isolated from Bovine Milk Samples in West Bengal, India

Background: Milk is considered as complete food and an important part of human diet throughout the world including India. Bacterial contamination of milk such as due to unhygienic condition and poor udder health can cause infections, especially in infants and elders or in immunocompromised persons. Possession of antimicrobial resistance genes by commensal bacteria present in milk makes the issue more serious.

Aim: The study was aimed to isolate and characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing from milk samples collected from different parts of West Bengal, India, to assess the potential risk associated with the food.

Materials And Methods: Around 182 milk samples were collected from apparently healthy cows reared by organized dairy farms in West Bengal. was isolated from collected samples as per standard methods followed by serotyping. The detection of ESBL-producing was done both phenotypically and genotypically by detecting the presence of gene. Antibiogram of the ESBL-positive isolates was done using common 12 antibiotics by disc diffusion method.

Results: A total of 22 (12.1%) samples were found to be positive for in this study. Different serotypes such as O11, O20, O22, O34, O35, O128, O149, and UT were isolated from the collected samples. 12 (54.5%) strains showed the capability of producing ESBL, both phenotypically and genotypically with the presence of gene. Antibiogram of these ESBL-positive isolates revealed the drugs such as colistin (100%), levofloxacin (83.33%), and imipenem (66.67%) to be highly sensitive against this pathogen but drugs such as cefotaxime (100%), ceftazidime (91.67%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (83.33%), tetracycline (75.00%), and gentamicin (58.33%) to be very much resistant.

Conclusion: More than 50% of the strains prevalent in the bovine milk samples were positive for ESBL production and are resistant to most of the common antimicrobials which may be alarming for human health.