The Different Tactics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus to Evade Innate Immunity

Overview

Journal Front Microbiol

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2018 Nov 29

PMID 30483224

Citations 28

Authors

Gisselle N Medina

Fayna Diaz-San Segundo

Carolina Stenfeldt

Jonathan Arzt

Teresa De Los Santos

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Like all pathogens, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is recognized by the immune system inducing a heightened immune response mainly mediated by type I and type III IFNs. To overcome the strong antiviral response induced by these cytokines, FMDV has evolved many strategies exploiting each region of its small RNA genome. These include: (a) inhibition of IFN induction at the transcriptional and translational level, (b) inhibition of protein trafficking; (c) blockage of specific post-translational modifications in proteins that regulate innate immune signaling; (d) modulation of autophagy; (e) inhibition of stress granule formation; and (f) modulation of immune cell function. Here, we summarize and discuss FMDV virulence factors and the host immune footprint that characterize infection in cell culture and in the natural hosts.

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