Effect of Childbirth Age on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

Overview

Journal J Korean Med Sci

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2018 Nov 27

PMID 30473652

Citations 2

Authors

Ji Sun We

Kyungdo Han

Hyuk-Sang Kwon

Kicheol Kil

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: In postmenopausal women, there is rapid bone loss due to estrogen depletion. In women, reproductive factors such as age at menarche, breastfeeding, and parity are considered risk factors of osteoporosis. Many reports suggest that obesity is associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis. This nationwide, population-based study aims to identify the association between maternal age and osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal women of different obesity classifications.

Methods: We assessed data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012. The study included 1,328 postmenopausal women, after excluding women with missing data for reproductive history among 4,546 postmenopausal women in the survey. Multivariate regression was used to identify the association between childbirth age and postmenopausal bone mineral density after adjustments for confounding factors.

Results: The prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis was 35.24% (n = 468). After dividing the subjects into obese and non-obese groups based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, there were significant differences between non-osteoporosis and osteoporosis groups with regard to age at first childbirth, age at last childbirth, and parity in the BMI-based general obesity group. The prevalence of osteoporosis was highest in women older than 35 years old at last childbirth. The prevalence of osteoporosis was also greater in women with parity ≥ 4 compared to those with lower parity levels.

Conclusion: Postmenopausal women of older age at last childbirth and higher parity were at increased risk of osteoporosis in the BMI-based non-general obesity group.

Citing Articles

Causal relationship between reproductive factors and female bone density: a univariate and multivariate mendelian randomization study.

Lin X, Zuo Y, Hu H, Zhou J Front Genet. 2024; 15:1393106.

PMID: 39346779 PMC: 11427258. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1393106.

Association of Female Reproductive Factors With Incidence of Fracture Among Postmenopausal Women in Korea.

Yoo J, Shin D, Han K, Kim D, Yoon J, Lee D JAMA Netw Open. 2021; 4(1):e2030405.

PMID: 33404618 PMC: 7788464. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.30405.

References

Kim K, Shin D, Lee S, Im J, Lee D . Relation between obesity and bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in Korean postmenopausal women. Yonsei Med J. 2010; 51(6):857-63. PMC: 2995981. DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2010.51.6.857. View

Abrams S . Normal acquisition and loss of bone mass. Horm Res. 2003; 60 Suppl 3:71-6. DOI: 10.1159/000074505. View

Diab D, Watts N . Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in older adults. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2013; 42(2):305-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.02.007. View

Okyay D, Okyay E, Dogan E, Kurtulmus S, Acet F, Taner C . Prolonged breast-feeding is an independent risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Maturitas. 2013; 74(3):270-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.12.014. View

Sabatier J, Guaydier-Souquieres G, Laroche D, Benmalek A, Fournier L, Guillon-Metz F . Bone mineral acquisition during adolescence and early adulthood: a study in 574 healthy females 10-24 years of age. Osteoporos Int. 1996; 6(2):141-8. DOI: 10.1007/BF01623938. View

Mpalaris V, Anagnostis P, Goulis D, Iakovou I . Complex association between body weight and fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Obes Rev. 2015; 16(3):225-33. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12244. View

Ahn E, Lee J, Park Y, Noh H, Kim B . Association between delivery at an advanced maternal age and osteoporosis in elderly Korean women. J Bone Miner Metab. 2014; 33(6):666-73. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0630-6. View

Tsvetov G, Levy S, Benbassat C, Shraga-Slutzky I, Hirsch D . Influence of number of deliveries and total breast-feeding time on bone mineral density in premenopausal and young postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2013; 77(3):249-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.11.003. View

Shin C, Choi H, Kim M, Kim J, Yu S, Koo B . Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in Korea: a community-based cohort study with lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density. Bone. 2010; 47(2):378-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.03.017. View

10.

Wen W, Gao Y, Shu X, Yang G, Li H, Jin F . Sociodemographic, behavioral, and reproductive factors associated with weight gain in Chinese women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003; 27(8):933-40. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802318. View

11.

Nam G, Cho K, Park Y, Han K, Choi Y, Kim S . Socioeconomic status and dyslipidemia in Korean adults: the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Prev Med. 2013; 57(4):304-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.06.008. View

12.

Cavkaytar S, Seval M, Atak Z, Bedir Findik R, Ture S, Kokanali D . Effect of reproductive history, lactation, first pregnancy age and dietary habits on bone mineral density in natural postmenopausal women. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2015; 27(5):689-94. DOI: 10.1007/s40520-015-0333-4. View

13.

Pirkle C, Sousa A, Alvarado B, Zunzunegui M . Early maternal age at first birth is associated with chronic diseases and poor physical performance in older age: cross-sectional analysis from the International Mobility in Aging Study. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14:293. PMC: 3977880. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-293. View

14.

Kweon S, Kim Y, Jang M, Kim Y, Kim K, Choi S . Data resource profile: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Int J Epidemiol. 2014; 43(1):69-77. PMC: 3937975. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt228. View

15.

Ozdemir F, Demirbag D, Rodoplu M . Reproductive factors affecting the bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2005; 205(3):277-85. DOI: 10.1620/tjem.205.277. View

16.

Binkley N, Bilezikian J, Kendler D, Leib E, Lewiecki E, Petak S . Official positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry and Executive Summary of the 2005 Position Development Conference. J Clin Densitom. 2006; 9(1):4-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2006.05.002. View

17.

Sioka C, Fotopoulos A, Georgiou A, Xourgia X, Papadopoulos A, Kalef-Ezra J . Age at menarche, age at menopause and duration of fertility as risk factors for osteoporosis. Climacteric. 2009; 13(1):63-71. DOI: 10.3109/13697130903075337. View

18.

Wang Q, Huang Q, Zeng Y, Liang J, Liu S, Gu X . Parity and osteoporotic fracture risk in postmenopausal women: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Osteoporos Int. 2015; 27(1):319-30. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3351-3. View

19.

Yun B, Choi Y, Choi Y, Cho S, Lee B, Seo S . Age at First Delivery and Osteoporosis Risk in Korean Postmenopausal Women: The 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). PLoS One. 2015; 10(5):e0123665. PMC: 4422688. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123665. View

20.

Schnatz P, Barker K, Marakovits K, OSullivan D . Effects of age at first pregnancy and breast-feeding on the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Menopause. 2010; 17(6):1161-6. DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181e0efb3. View