Socioeconomic Factors, Psychological Factors, and Function in Adults with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain from Rural Nepal

Overview

Journal J Pain Res

Publisher Dove Medical Press

Date 2018 Nov 15

PMID 30425551

Citations 5

Authors

Saurab Sharma

Anupa Pathak

Jyoti Jha

Mark P Jensen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Both socioeconomic and psychological factors have been shown to predict patient function in samples of individuals with chronic pain in Western countries. However, little is known about their role as predictors of function in individuals with chronic pain from developing countries.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between measures of socioeconomic factors (income, education) and psychological factors (catastrophizing and resilience) and measures of function in a sample of individuals with chronic pain from rural Nepal. In addition, we sought to evaluate the moderating effects of socioeconomic factors on the associations between the psychological variables and function.

Methods: We interviewed 143 adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain from rural areas of Nepal to assess income, education level, pain intensity, catastrophizing, resilience, physical function, and depression. We performed two regression analyses to evaluate the direct and unique effects of the socioeconomic and psychological variables and pain intensity as predictors of patient function, as well as the moderating influence of income, education level, and pain intensity on the associations between the psychological variables and function.

Results: Education and income both predicted physical function, but only income predicted depression. In addition, pain catastrophizing, but not resilience, evidenced a direct and significant independent association with depression. Neither catastrophizing nor resilience made independent and significant direct contributions to the prediction of physical function. The association between resilience and physical function was moderated by pain intensity and income, and income (but not education or pain intensity) moderated the associations between both 1) resilience and depression and 2) catastrophizing and depression.

Conclusion: The results suggest the possibility that cultural differences may influence the role that psychosocial factors play in chronic pain adjustment. These findings have important implications regarding how psychosocial pain interventions should be adapted by individuals in developing countries.

Citing Articles

Moderating effects of humanistic care and socioeconomic status on the relationship among pain intensity, psychological factors, and psychological function in adults with cancer pain from a province of China: A cross-sectional study.

Wang S, Wang X, Liu X, Zhao C, Duan J Front Psychiatry. 2023; 14:928727.

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A scoping review on the methods of assessment and role of resilience on function and movement-evoked pain when experiencing a musculoskeletal injury.

Robinson E, Clothier P, Slater H, Gupta A BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022; 23(1):1097.

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Recommendations for the Development of Socioeconomically-Situated and Clinically-Relevant Neuroimaging Models of Pain.

Reddan M Front Neurol. 2021; 12:700833.

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The association between the socioeconomic status and body pain: A nationwide survey.

Yu T, Wei Z, Xu T, Gamber M, Han J, Jiang Y Medicine (Baltimore). 2020; 99(12):e19454.

PMID: 32195941 PMC: 7220486. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019454.

State of clinical pain research in Nepal: a systematic scoping review.

Sharma S, Jensen M, Pathak A, Sharma S, Pokharel M, Abbott J Pain Rep. 2020; 4(6):e788.

PMID: 31984293 PMC: 6903326. DOI: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000788.

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