Nipple Involvement and Multicentricity in Breast Cancer. A Study on Whole Organ Sections

Overview

Journal J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

Specialty Oncology

Date 1987 Jan 1

PMID 3040768

Citations 14

Authors

J Luttges

H KALBFLEISCH

P Prinz

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Our study examined 166 patients with breast cancer with a mean age of 63 years. Each patient underwent mastectomy with the organ being investigated by histological giant sections and additional small sections from the nipple. Nipple involvement was found in 64 cases (38%). Multifocal carcinoma occurred in 76 patients. Further multicentric carcinomatous foci (36 cases) demonstrated a significant increase in affected nipples. Additional atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia was observed in 53 cases and showed involvement in 34. Nine carcinomas of ductal origin were combined with lobular carcinoma in situ, all cases proved to have carcinomatous changes in the nipple. It is concluded that apart from the well-known influence of advanced tumor stages and tumor localization, nipple involvement correlates with multicentricity and multifocality of breast cancer as a disease of the whole organ.

Citing Articles

Comparing the outcome between multicentric/multifocal breast cancer and unifocal breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zhang Y, Liu F, Gao Q, Chai Y, Ren Y, Tian H Front Oncol. 2023; 12:1042789.

PMID: 36591500 PMC: 9801517. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1042789.

Preoperative Ultrasound-guided Sub-areolar Biopsy in Predicting Occult Nipple Involvement in Breast Cancer Patients: Proposal for a Methodological Approach.

Altomare V, Orsaria P, Grasso A, Caggiati L, Ippolito E, Pantano F In Vivo. 2022; 36(2):839-847.

PMID: 35241540 PMC: 8931870. DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12771.

Tumor-to-Nipple Distance in Selecting Patients for Nipple-sparing Mastectomy.

Kracoff-Sella S, Allweis T, Bokov I, Kadar-Sfarad H, Shifer Y, Golzman E Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2020; 8(7):e2963.

PMID: 32802657 PMC: 7413816. DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002963.

Increase in Utilization of Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy for Breast Cancer: Indications, Complications, and Oncologic Outcomes.

Valero M, Muhsen S, Moo T, Zabor E, Stempel M, Pusic A Ann Surg Oncol. 2019; 27(2):344-351.

PMID: 31823173 PMC: 6952567. DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07948-x.

Nipple-Areola Complex Sensation after Nipple-sparing Mastectomy.

Chirappapha P, Srichan P, Lertsithichai P, Thaweepworadej P, Sukarayothin T, Leesombatpaiboon M Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018; 6(4):e1716.

PMID: 29876167 PMC: 5977969. DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001716.

References

Morgenstern L, Kaufman P, Friedman N . The case against tylectomy for carcinoma of the breast. The factor of multicentricity. Am J Surg. 1975; 130(2):251-8. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(75)90379-7. View

Wertheim U, Ozzello L . Neoplastic involvement of nipple and skin flap in carcinoma of the breast. Am J Surg Pathol. 1980; 4(6):543-9. DOI: 10.1097/00000478-198012000-00005. View

MILLARD JR D, Devine Jr J, Warren W . Breast reconstruction: a plea for saving the uninvolved nipple. Am J Surg. 1971; 122(6):763-4. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(71)90441-7. View

Andersen J, Pallesen R . Spread to the nipple and areola in carcinoma of the breast. Ann Surg. 1979; 189(3):367-72. PMC: 1397108. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197903000-00019. View

LAGIOS M, WESTDAHL P, Rose M . The concept and implications of multicentricity in breast carcinoma. Pathol Annu. 1981; 16(Pt 2):83-102. View

EGAN R . Multicentric breast carcinomas: clinical-radiographic-pathologic whole organ studies and 10-year survival. Cancer. 1982; 49(6):1123-30. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19820315)49:6<1123::aid-cncr2820490610>3.0.co;2-r. View

Fisher B, Bauer M, MARGOLESE R, POISSON R, Pilch Y, Redmond C . Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with or without radiation in the treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1985; 312(11):665-73. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198503143121101. View

QUALHEIM R, GALL E . Breast carcinoma with multiple sites of origin. Cancer. 1957; 10(3):460-8. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(195705/06)10:3<460::aid-cncr2820100307>3.0.co;2-e. View

Kochem H, Schremmer C, Hirche H . [The significance of the nipple in carcinoma of the female breast (author's transl)]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1980; 40(1):32-8. DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1037018. View

10.

Veronesi U . Value of limited surgery for breast cancer. Semin Oncol. 1978; 5(4):395-402. View

11.

Andersen J, Gram J, Pallesen R . Involvement of the nipple and areola in breast cancer. Value of clinical findings. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1981; 15(1):39-42. DOI: 10.3109/02844318109103409. View

12.

BLOOM H, Richardson W . Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer; a study of 1409 cases of which 359 have been followed for 15 years. Br J Cancer. 1957; 11(3):359-77. PMC: 2073885. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1957.43. View

13.

GALLAGER H, Martin J . The study of mammary carcinoma by mammography and whole organ sectioning. Early observations. Cancer. 1969; 23(4):855-73. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(196904)23:4<855::aid-cncr2820230420>3.0.co;2-8. View

14.

Smith J, Payne W, Carney J . Involvement of the nipple and areola in carcinoma of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1976; 143(4):546-8. View

15.

LAGIOS M, WESTDAHL P, Rose M, Concannon S . Paget's disease of the nipple. Alternative management in cases without or with minimal extent of underlying breast carcinoma. Cancer. 1984; 54(3):545-51. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19840801)54:3<545::aid-cncr2820540327>3.0.co;2-m. View