Prepulse Modulation and Recovery of Trigemino-cervical Reflex in Normal Subjects

Overview

Journal Neurol Sci

Specialty Neurology

Date 2018 Nov 7

PMID 30397817

Citations 2

Authors

Meral E Kiziltan

Pinar Bekdik Sirinocak

Tuba Akinci

Tuba Cerrahoglu Sirin

Burcu Nuran Arkali

Fatma Candan

Aysegul Gunduz

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: In this study, we analyzed the inhibitory control on the trigemino-cervical reflex (TCR), and whether or not prepulse modulation (PPM) has an effect on TCR. Thus, we studied the PPM of TCR. We hypothesized that TCR would presumably be under the modulatory effect after the prepulse stimulus similar to blink reflex (BR). We also studied the recovery of TCR which was previously shown.

Methods: We included 13 healthy individuals. All subjects underwent recordings of TCR, TCR-PPM, and recovery of TCR. For TCR-PPM, a subthreshold stimulus to second finger 50 or 100 ms before the test stimulus was applied. For recovery of TCR, two stimuli at the infraorbital nerve were applied at 300, 500, and 800 ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs).

Results: There was an inhibition of bilateral late responses of TCR at the ISIs of both 50 ms and 100 ms. There was no change of latencies. Full recovery of TCR did not develop even at the ISI 800 ms.

Discussion: We have provided an evidence for the TCR-PPM in healthy subjects for the first time in this study. The prepulse inhibition is attributed to the functions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Our study provides a strong indication that there are connections between pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and trigemino-cervical circuit, which produces TCR.

Citing Articles

Changes in blink reflex after simultaneous supraorbital and mental nerve stimulations in healthy subjects.

Gunduz A, Cerrahoglu Sirin T, Bekdik Sirinocak P, Akinci T, Arkali B, Candan F Turk J Med Sci. 2024; 54(3):563-571.

PMID: 39050008 PMC: 11265922. DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5823.

Central nervous system physiology.

Rothwell J, Antal A, Burke D, Carlsen A, Georgiev D, Jahanshahi M Clin Neurophysiol. 2021; 132(12):3043-3083.

PMID: 34717225 PMC: 8863401. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.09.013.

References

Valls-Sole J, Valldeoriola F, Molinuevo J, Cossu G, Nobbe F . Prepulse modulation of the startle reaction and the blink reflex in normal human subjects. Exp Brain Res. 1999; 129(1):49-56. DOI: 10.1007/s002210050935. View

Prentice S, Drew T . Contributions of the reticulospinal system to the postural adjustments occurring during voluntary gait modifications. J Neurophysiol. 2001; 85(2):679-98. DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.679. View

GRAHAM F . Presidential Address, 1974. The more or less startling effects of weak prestimulation. Psychophysiology. 1975; 12(3):238-48. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01284.x. View

Leandri M, Gottlieb A, Cruccu G . Head extensor reflex evoked by trigeminal stimulation in humans. Clin Neurophysiol. 2001; 112(10):1828-32. DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00648-4. View

Ertekin C, Celebisoy N, Uludag B . Trigeminocervical reflexes elicited by stimulation of the infraorbital nerve: head retraction reflex. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2001; 18(4):378-85. DOI: 10.1097/00004691-200107000-00010. View

Serrao M, Rossi P, Parisi L, Perrotta A, Bartolo M, Cardinali P . Trigemino-cervical-spinal reflexes in humans. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003; 114(9):1697-703. DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00132-9. View

Drew T, Prentice S, Schepens B . Cortical and brainstem control of locomotion. Prog Brain Res. 2003; 143:251-61. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43025-2. View

Sasaki S, Yoshimura K, Naito K . The neural control of orienting: role of multiple-branching reticulospinal neurons. Prog Brain Res. 2003; 143:383-9. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43036-7. View

Meredith M, Wallace M, Stein B . Visual, auditory and somatosensory convergence in output neurons of the cat superior colliculus: multisensory properties of the tecto-reticulo-spinal projection. Exp Brain Res. 1992; 88(1):181-6. DOI: 10.1007/BF02259139. View

10.

Serrao M, Perrotta A, Bartolo M, Fiermonte G, Pauri F, Rossi P . Enhanced trigemino-cervical-spinal reflex recovery cycle in pain-free migraineurs. Headache. 2005; 45(8):1061-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05188.x. View

11.

Ge H, Collet T, Morch C, Arendt-Nielsen L, Andersen O . Depression of the human nociceptive withdrawal reflex by segmental and heterosegmental intramuscular electrical stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007; 118(7):1626-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.007. View

12.

Brown P, Rothwell J, Thompson P, Britton T, Day B, Marsden C . New observations on the normal auditory startle reflex in man. Brain. 1991; 114 ( Pt 4):1891-902. DOI: 10.1093/brain/114.4.1891. View

13.

Alvarez-Blanco S, Leon L, Valls-Sole J . The startle reaction to somatosensory inputs: different response pattern to stimuli of upper and lower limbs. Exp Brain Res. 2009; 195(2):285-92. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-009-1784-7. View

14.

Serrao M, Coppola G, Di Lorenzo C, Di Fabio R, Padua L, Sandrini G . Nociceptive trigeminocervical reflexes in healthy subjects. Clin Neurophysiol. 2010; 121(9):1563-1568. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.03.031. View

15.

Serrao M, Di Fabio R, Bartolo M, Perrotta A, Tassorelli C, Coppola G . The contribution of trigemino-cervical reflexes in distinguishing progressive supranuclear palsy from multiple system atrophy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011; 122(9):1812-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.02.012. View

16.

Kiziltan M, Gunduz A, Kiziltan G, Tekeoglu A, Sohtaoglu M . Brainstem and spinal reflex studies in patients with primary progressive freezing of gait. J Neurol Sci. 2014; 343(1-2):51-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.05.018. View

17.

Serrao M, Cortese F, Andersen O, Conte C, Spaich E, Fragiotta G . Modular organization of the head retraction responses elicited by electrical painful stimulation of the facial skin in humans. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015; 126(12):2306-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.029. View

18.

Leon-Sarmiento F, Peckham E, Leon-Ariza D, Bara-Jimenez W, Hallett M . Auditory and Lower Limb Tactile Prepulse Inhibition in Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Clues to Its Pathophysiology. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2015; 32(4):369-74. PMC: 7293355. DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000196. View

19.

Nakashima K, Thompson P, Rothwell J, Day B, Stell R, Marsden C . An exteroceptive reflex in the sternocleidomastoid muscle produced by electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve in normal subjects and patients with spasmodic torticollis. Neurology. 1989; 39(10):1354-8. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.39.10.1354. View

20.

Sartucci F, Rossi A, Rossi B . Trigemino cervical reflex in man. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1986; 26(2):123-9. View