Metal and Bacterial Contamination of Illicit Drugs

Overview

Journal Daru

Specialty Pharmacology

Date 2018 Oct 31

PMID 30374834

Authors

Jonathan Schimmel

Samaneh Nakhaee

Omid Mehrpour

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

References

Aghababaei R, Javadi I, Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Parsafar S, Ahmadimoghaddam D . Occurrence of bacterial and toxic metals contamination in illegal opioid-like drugs in Iran: a significant health challenge in drug abusers. Daru. 2018; 26(1):77-83. PMC: 6154484. DOI: 10.1007/s40199-018-0205-5. View

McLaren J, Swift W, Dillon P, Allsop S . Cannabis potency and contamination: a review of the literature. Addiction. 2008; 103(7):1100-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02230.x. View

Hashemi Domeneh B, Tavakoli N, Jafari N . Blood lead level in opium dependents and its association with anemia: A cross-sectional study from the capital of Iran. J Res Med Sci. 2014; 19(10):939-43. PMC: 4274569. View

Alinejad S, Aaseth J, Abdollahi M, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Mehrpour O . Clinical Aspects of Opium Adulterated with Lead in Iran: A Review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017; 122(1):56-64. DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12855. View

Roy S, Ninkovic J, Banerjee S, Charboneau R, Das S, Dutta R . Opioid drug abuse and modulation of immune function: consequences in the susceptibility to opportunistic infections. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2011; 6(4):442-65. PMC: 3601186. DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9292-5. View

Exley C, Begum A, Woolley M, Bloor R . Aluminum in tobacco and cannabis and smoking-related disease. Am J Med. 2006; 119(3):276.e9-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.08.004. View

Vallejo R, de Leon-Casasola O, Benyamin R . Opioid therapy and immunosuppression: a review. Am J Ther. 2004; 11(5):354-65. DOI: 10.1097/01.mjt.0000132250.95650.85. View

Nakhaee S, Mehrpour O . Opium addiction as new source of lead poisoning: An emerging epidemic in Iran. EXCLI J. 2018; 17:513-515. PMC: 6046623. DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1355. View

Infante F, Dominguez E, Trujillo D, Luna A . Metal contamination in illicit samples of heroin. J Forensic Sci. 1999; 44(1):110-3. View

10.

Bermejo-Barrera P, Moreda-Pineiro A, Moreda-Pineiro J, Bermejo-Barrera A . Determination of traces of chromium in cocaine and heroin by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta. 1996; 43(1):77-87. DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(95)01718-6. View

11.

Burton B . Heavy metal and organic contaminants associated with illicit methamphetamine production. NIDA Res Monogr. 1991; 115:47-59. View

12.

Ghaemi K, Ghoreishi A, Rabiee N, Alinejad S, Farzaneh E, Zadeh A . Blood Lead Levels in Asymptomatic Opium Addict Patients; a Case Control Study. Emerg (Tehran). 2017; 5(1):e69. PMC: 5585839. View

13.

Khademi H, Malekzadeh R, Pourshams A, Jafari E, Salahi R, Semnani S . Opium use and mortality in Golestan Cohort Study: prospective cohort study of 50,000 adults in Iran. BMJ. 2012; 344:e2502. PMC: 3328545. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e2502. View

14.

Hayatbakhsh M, Oghabian Z, Conlon E, Nakhaee S, Amirabadizadeh A, Zahedi M . Lead poisoning among opium users in Iran: an emerging health hazard. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2017; 12(1):43. PMC: 5629748. DOI: 10.1186/s13011-017-0127-0. View

15.

Moritz E, Austin C, Wahl M, DesLauriers C, Navon L, Walblay K . Notes from the Field: Outbreak of Severe Illness Linked to the Vitamin K Antagonist Brodifacoum and Use of Synthetic Cannabinoids - Illinois, March-April 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018; 67(21):607-608. PMC: 6038901. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6721a4. View