Tumor Margin Classification of Head and Neck Cancer Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Convolutional Neural Networks

One of the largest factors affecting disease recurrence after surgical cancer resection is negative surgical margins. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an optical imaging technique with potential to serve as a computer aided diagnostic tool for identifying cancer in gross specimens. We developed a tissue classifier using three distinct convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures on HSI data to investigate the ability to classify the cancer margins from human surgical specimens, collected from 20 patients undergoing surgical cancer resection as a preliminary validation group. A new approach for generating the HSI ground truth using a registered histological cancer margin is applied in order to create a validation dataset. The CNN-based method classifies the tumor-normal margin of squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) versus normal oral tissue with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 for inter-patient validation, performing with 81% accuracy, 84% sensitivity, and 77% specificity. Thyroid carcinoma cancer-normal margins are classified with an AUC of 0.94 for inter-patient validation, performing with 90% accuracy, 91% sensitivity, and 88% specificity. Our preliminary results on a limited patient dataset demonstrate the predictive ability of HSI-based cancer margin detection, which warrants further investigation with more patient data and additional processing techniques to optimize the proposed deep learning method.