Predictors of Recent HIV Testing Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Barrier Perspective

In China, men who have sex with men (MSM) account for an increasing proportion of new HIV infections. We aim to assess recent HIV testing (in the past 6 months) among Chinese MSM and to identify barriers to testing. A nationwide sample of MSM (n = 1100) from mainland China was recruited. Data on sociodemographics, HIV-related risks, perceived barriers to testing, and testing behaviors were collected. Approximately 30% of MSM had recently undergone HIV testing. With regard to testing, almost half endorsed each of three barriers: did not believe themselves to be at HIV risk, had a fear of being diagnosed HIV positive, and feared their privacy would be violated during testing. Five distinct classes of barriers were identified from the responses. The adjusted multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that the participants in both the "uncertainty concerning testing sites" and "low risk and privacy violation" classes were less likely to undergo testing than those in the "minimal barrier" class. Men who were unsure of their HIV status were less likely to undergo testing. Furthermore, participants who had multiple male sexual partners and who engaged in substance use over the preceding 6 months were more likely to undergo testing. Distinct subgroups of testing and HIV status varied within the different barrier classifications. Recent HIV testing rates remain low among MSM in China. Barrier factors associated with testing point to the necessity for preventing and controlling HIV, including increasing the privacy of sites or educating MSM on the importance of testing regularly.