Augmentation of -Paclitaxel Chemotherapy Response by Mechanistically Diverse Antiangiogenic Agents in Preclinical Gastric Cancer Models

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Systemic chemotherapy is commonly recommended as a fundamental treatment for metastatic GAC; however, standard treatment has not been established yet. Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of GAC. We evaluated therapeutic benefits of mechanistically diverse antiangiogenic agents in combination with -paclitaxel, a next-generation taxane, in preclinical models of GAC. Murine survival studies were performed in peritoneal dissemination models, whereas tumor growth studies were performed in subcutaneous GAC cell-derived or patient-derived xenografts. The mechanistic evaluation involved IHC and Immunoblot analysis in tumor samples. -paclitaxel increased animal survival that was further improved by the addition of antiangiogenic agents ramucirumab (or its murine version DC101), cabozantinib and nintedanib. -paclitaxel combination with nintedanib was most effective in improving animal survival, always greater than 300% over control. In cell-derived subcutaneous xenografts, -paclitaxel reduced tumor growth while all three antiangiogenic agents enhanced this effect, with nintedanib demonstrating the greatest inhibition. Furthermore, in GAC patient-derived xenografts the combination of -paclitaxel and nintedanib reduced tumor growth over single agents alone. Tumor tissue analysis revealed that ramucirumab and cabozantinib only reduced tumor vasculature, whereas nintedanib in addition significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Effects of -paclitaxel, a promising chemotherapeutic agent for GAC, can be enhanced by new-generation antiangiogenic agents, especially nintedanib. The data suggest that -paclitaxel combinations with multitargeted antiangiogenic agents carry promising potential for improving clinical GAC therapy. .