Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24 H Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

Overview

Journal Int J Environ Res Public Health

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Environmental Health
Public Health

Date 2018 Aug 22

PMID 30126211

Citations 5

Authors

Isabelle Nogueira Leroux

Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira

Fernanda Pollo Paniz

Tatiana Pedron

Fernanda Junqueira Salles

Fabio Ferreira da Silva

Heloisa Franca Maltez

Bruno Lemos Batista

Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Lead, known as a metal with high neurotoxicity to children, cadmium, which is a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant, and arsenic, a class 1 carcinogenic according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bio-accessible fraction of lead, cadmium, and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from two day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 one⁻four-year-old children from two DCCs where the 24-h duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium, and arsenic total concentrations ( = 64) and their bio-accessibility were analyzed for a subsample ( = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium, and arsenic were 0.18 ± 0.11 µg kg bw, 0.08 ± 0.04 µg kg bw, and 0.61 ± 0.41 µg kg bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (TL) (European Union, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable) except for one child's Pb intake. Bio-accessibilities ranged between 0% to 93%, 0% to 103%, and 0% to 69%, for lead, cadmium, and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TL, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn since it was for lead and arsenic whose TL were withdrawn by WHO.

Citing Articles

Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead Levels in School Meals and Their Risk Assessment in Municipalities in Bahia, Brazil.

Santos L, Chagas F, Martinho M, Gomes-Junior E, Silva M, Menezes-Filho J Foods. 2024; 13(10).

PMID: 38790800 PMC: 11120269. DOI: 10.3390/foods13101500.

Essential and Toxic Elements in Infant Cereal in Brazil: Exposure Risk Assessment.

Toledo M, Lee J, Batista B, Olympio K, Nardocci A Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024; 21(4).

PMID: 38673295 PMC: 11050093. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040381.

Potentially Toxic Elements in Costume Cosmetics Used by Children and Adults Are Associated with Cancer Risk.

Salles F, Paniz F, Batista B, Nardocci A, Olympio K Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(1).

PMID: 36612850 PMC: 9819701. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010531.

Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic in Rice in Brazil: A Human Health Risk Assessment.

Toledo M, Lee J, Batista B, Olympio K, Nardocci A Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(24).

PMID: 36554339 PMC: 9778750. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416460.

Oral exposure to lead for Japanese children and pregnant women, estimated using duplicate food portions and house dust analyses.

Ohtsu M, Mise N, Ikegami A, Mizuno A, Kobayashi Y, Nakagi Y Environ Health Prev Med. 2019; 24(1):72.

PMID: 31805868 PMC: 6896297. DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0818-4.

References

Kim D, Woo H, Joo J, Park K, Oh S, Kwon H . Estimated long-term dietary exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury in young Korean children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014; 68(12):1322-6. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.116. View

Olympio K, Goncalves C, Gunther W, Bechara E . Neurotoxicity and aggressiveness triggered by low-level lead in children: a review. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2010; 26(3):266-75. DOI: 10.1590/s1020-49892009000900011. View

Zohoori F, Buzalaf M, Cardoso C, Olympio K, Levy F, Grizzo L . Total fluoride intake and excretion in children up to 4 years of age living in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. Eur J Oral Sci. 2013; 121(5):457-64. DOI: 10.1111/eos.12070. View

Watanabe T, Kim E, Ko Y, Yang H, Moon C, Nakatsuka H . Food intake survey of kindergarten children in Korea: Part 3 cadmium and lead burden. Environ Health Prev Med. 2015; 20(4):307-13. PMC: 4491057. DOI: 10.1007/s12199-015-0467-1. View

Fu J, Cui Y . In vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model to estimate cadmium and lead bioaccessibility/bioavailability in two vegetables: the influence of cooking and additives. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013; 59:215-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.014. View

Islam M, Ahmed M, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Islam K, Ibrahim M, Masunaga S . Arsenic and lead in foods: a potential threat to human health in Bangladesh. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2014; 31(12):1982-92. DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.974686. View

Turner A, Solman K . Lead in exterior paints from the urban and suburban environs of Plymouth, south west England. Sci Total Environ. 2016; 547:132-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.125. View

Zaharias Miller G, Harris Z . Hazardous metals in vintage plastic toys measured by a handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. J Environ Health. 2015; 77(6):8-13. View

Turner A, Sogo Y . Concentrations and bioaccessibilities of metals in exterior urban paints. Chemosphere. 2011; 86(6):614-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.045. View

10.

Pysz K, Leszczynska T, Biezanowska-Kopec R, Kopec A . Chemical assessment of lead, cadmium, nitrate, and nitrite intakes with daily diets of children and adolescents from orphanages in Krakow, Poland. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016; 23(24):25200-25209. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7550-z. View

11.

Zhang N, Baker H, Tufts M, Raymond R, Salihu H, Elliott M . Early childhood lead exposure and academic achievement: evidence from Detroit public schools, 2008-2010. Am J Public Health. 2013; 103(3):e72-7. PMC: 3673523. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301164. View

12.

Davis M, MacKenzie T, Cottingham K, Gilbert-Diamond D, Punshon T, Karagas M . Rice consumption and urinary arsenic concentrations in U.S. children. Environ Health Perspect. 2012; 120(10):1418-24. PMC: 3491944. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205014. View

13.

Liu P, Wang C, Song X, Yu Y, Wu Y . Dietary intake of arsenic by children and adults from Jinhu area of China. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2010; 27(8):1128-35. DOI: 10.1080/19440041003753466. View

14.

Satarug S, Swaddiwudhipong W, Ruangyuttikarn W, Nishijo M, Ruiz P . Modeling cadmium exposures in low- and high-exposure areas in Thailand. Environ Health Perspect. 2013; 121(5):531-6. PMC: 3673184. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104769. View

15.

Marzec Z, Koch W, Marzec A, Zukiewicz-Sobczak W . Dietary exposure to cadmium, lead and nickel among students from south-east Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014; 21(4):825-8. DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1129941. View

16.

Hu J, Wu F, Wu S, Cao Z, Lin X, Wong M . Bioaccessibility, dietary exposure and human risk assessment of heavy metals from market vegetables in Hong Kong revealed with an in vitro gastrointestinal model. Chemosphere. 2013; 91(4):455-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.066. View

17.

Goyer R . Results of lead research: prenatal exposure and neurological consequences. Environ Health Perspect. 1996; 104(10):1050-4. PMC: 1469478. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.961041050. View

18.

Hsieh R, Huang Y, Shiue H, Huang S, Lin M, Mu S . Arsenic methylation capacity and developmental delay in preschool children in Taiwan. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014; 217(6):678-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.02.004. View

19.

Silva J, Salles F, Leroux I, Ferreira A, Soares da Silva A, Assuncao N . High blood lead levels are associated with lead concentrations in households and day care centers attended by Brazilian preschool children. Environ Pollut. 2018; 239:681-688. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.080. View

20.

Meyer P, McGeehin M, Falk H . A global approach to childhood lead poisoning prevention. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2003; 206(4-5):363-9. DOI: 10.1078/1438-4639-00232. View