Accumulation and Biotransformation of Toxins by the Surf Clam

Overview

Journal Toxins (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Toxicology

Date 2018 Aug 8

PMID 30081538

Citations 8

Authors

Juan Blanco

Gonzalo Alvarez

Jose Rengel

Rosario Diaz

Carmen Marino

Helena Martin

Eduardo Uribe

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Surf clams, , were shown to accumulate toxins from blooms. Only pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2) and some of its derivatives were found, and no toxins from the okadaic acid group were detected. PTX2 seems to be transformed to PTX2 seco-acid (PTX2sa), which was found in concentrations more than ten-fold those of PTX2. The seco-acid was transformed to acyl-derivatives by esterification with different fatty acids. The estimated amount of these derivatives in the mollusks was much higher than that of PTX2. Most esters were originated by even carbon chain fatty acids, but some originated by odd carbon number were also found in noticeable concentrations. Some peaks of toxin in the bivalves did not coincide with those of abundance, suggesting that there were large differences in toxin content per cell among the populations that developed throughout the year. The observed depuration (from the digestive gland) was fast (more than 0.2 day), and was faster for PTX2 than for PTX2sa, which in turn was faster than that of esters of PTX2sa. PTX2 and PTX2sa were distributed nearly equally between the digestive gland and the remaining tissues, but less than 5% of the palmytoyl-esters were found outside the digestive gland.

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