No Environmental Context-dependent Effect, but Interference, of Physical Activity on Object Location Memory

Research on context-dependent memory has addressed many external and internal types of contexts. However, whether the physical activity engaged in at the time of encoding and recall can act as an environmental context cue has been systematically investigated only in one study. The purpose of the present study was to replicate this; furthermore, given the effect of physical activity/effort on the way space is represented, we sought to extend the findings to object location memory. Using a 1-list paradigm (Experiment 1) and a 2-list paradigm (Experiment 2), participants had to learn the locations of objects on a grid and then recall them, while standing or walking on a health walker. No evidence of activity context effects was found. However, an interference effect of the motor task on location memory was detected, such that participants' performance was worse when walking, compared to standing, at encoding (Experiment 2) or recall (Experiment 1). Results are discussed based on the outshining hypothesis and the possible link between motor task and object location memory.