Impact of the Acid Treatment on Lignocellulosic Biomass Hard Carbon for Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes

The investigation of phosphoric acid treatment on the performance of hard carbon from a typical lignocellulosic biomass waste (peanut shell) is herein reported. A strong correlation is discovered between the treatment time and the structural properties and electrochemical performance in sodium-ion batteries. Indeed, a prolonged acid treatment enables the use of lower temperatures, that is, lower energy consumption, for the carbonization step as well as improved high-rate performance (122 mAh g at 10 C).