Evaluation of Risk Factors for Oral Infection with Potential for Spread in a 1-year Cohort Study

Overview

Journal Clin Oral Investig

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2018 Jun 28

PMID 29948280

Citations 1

Authors

Esa Farkkila

Riina Rautemaa-Richardson

Anniina Farkkila

Lotta Gronholm

Anneli Lauhio

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the frequency of oral infection with potential for spread (OIPS) and behavioural risk factors in patients referred to a regional tertiary care-centre for OIPS assessment and clearance.

Materials And Methods: A database search of all referrals to the Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases unit of HUH in 2009 was performed. Of the 2807 referrals, 408 were due to a known or suspected OIPS. The electronic patient records of these patients were analysed for patient demographics, lifestyle factors, radiological findings and clinical oral findings. Risk factors for OIPS were analysed using logistic regression and using the significant factors in univariate analyses in the multivariate models.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 58 years. Most patients (n = 270, 66%) were referred due to upcoming cancer or other immunosuppressive therapy. The majority (n = 314, 77%) were diagnosed with one or more OIPS. In univariate analyses, smoking (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6-6.4; p = 0.0006), male gender (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8; p = 0.02), excessive alcohol use (OR 3.0, 95% 1.1-7.9; p = 0.03) and irregular dental care (OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.6-8.8; p < 0.0001) were risk factors for OIPS. However, in multivariate analyses, smoking was the only independent risk factor for OIPS (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-11.8; p = 0.02).

Conclusions: OIPS are common in patients referred for OIPS clearance, and smoking was identified as an independent behavioural risk factor for them. These findings highlight the burden of disease in this patient group and the importance of smoking cessation encouragement.

Clinical Relevance: To identify patients at increased risk of OIPS.

Citing Articles

Association and risk factors of healthcare-associated infection and burden of illness among chemotherapy-induced ulcerative mucositis patients.

Satheeshkumar P, Mohan M Clin Oral Investig. 2021; 26(2):1323-1332.

PMID: 34355291 PMC: 8342036. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04106-0.

References

Ramseier C, Suvan J . Behaviour change counselling for tobacco use cessation and promotion of healthy lifestyles: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2014; 42 Suppl 16:S47-58. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12351. View

Bergmann O . Oral infections and septicemia in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies. J Clin Microbiol. 1988; 26(10):2105-9. PMC: 266825. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.10.2105-2109.1988. View

Summers C, Oberman A . Association of oral disease with 12 selected variables. I. Periodontal disease. J Dent Res. 1968; 47(3):457-62. DOI: 10.1177/00220345680470031901. View

Bergstrom J, Babcan J, Eliasson S . Tobacco smoking and dental periapical condition. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004; 112(2):115-20. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00112.x. View

Lahti S, Suominen-Taipale L, Hausen H . Oral health impacts among adults in Finland: competing effects of age, number of teeth, and removable dentures. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008; 116(3):260-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00540.x. View

Calsina G . Effects of smoking on periodontal tissues. J Clin Periodontol. 2002; 29(8):771-6. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290815.x. View

Tonetti M, Eickholz P, Loos B, Papapanou P, van der Velden U, Armitage G . Principles in prevention of periodontal diseases: Consensus report of group 1 of the 11th European Workshop on Periodontology on effective prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42 Suppl 16:S5-11. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12368. View

Radvar M, Darby I, Polster A, Arashi M, Moeintaghavi A, Sohrabi K . Pattern of cigarette smoking effect on periodontal pocketing and attachment loss: a retrospective study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2011; 9(4):291-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2010.00496.x. View

Axell T, PINDBORG J, Smith C, van der Waal I . Oral white lesions with special reference to precancerous and tobacco- related lesions: conclusions of an international symposium held in Uppsala, Sweden, May 18-21 1994. International Collaborative Group on Oral White Lesions. J Oral Pathol Med. 1996; 25(2):49-54. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1996.tb00191.x. View

10.

Kirkevang L, Wenzel A . Risk indicators for apical periodontitis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003; 31(1):59-67. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2003.00032.x. View

11.

Grbic J, Lamster I . Risk indicators for future clinical attachment loss in adult periodontitis. Tooth and site variables. J Periodontol. 1992; 63(4):262-9. DOI: 10.1902/jop.1992.63.4.262. View

12.

Hugoson A, Hellqvist L, Rolandsson M, Birkhed D . Dental caries in relation to smoking and the use of Swedish snus: epidemiological studies covering 20 years (1983-2003). Acta Odontol Scand. 2012; 70(4):289-96. DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.654247. View

13.

Rautemaa R, Lauhio A, Cullinan M, Seymour G . Oral infections and systemic disease--an emerging problem in medicine. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007; 13(11):1041-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01802.x. View

14.

Holmen A, Stromberg U, Magnusson K, Twetman S . Tobacco use and caries risk among adolescents--a longitudinal study in Sweden. BMC Oral Health. 2013; 13:31. PMC: 3723799. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-31. View

15.

Mattila K, Nieminen M, Valtonen V, Rasi V, Kesaniemi Y, Syrjala S . Association between dental health and acute myocardial infarction. BMJ. 1989; 298(6676):779-81. PMC: 1836063. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.298.6676.779. View

16.

Laine P, Lindqvist J, Pyrhonen S, Teerenhovi L, Meurman J . Oral infection as a reason for febrile episodes in lymphoma patients receiving cytostatic drugs. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1992; 28B(2):103-7. DOI: 10.1016/0964-1955(92)90036-z. View

17.

Buhlin K, Mantyla P, Paju S, Peltola J, Nieminen M, Sinisalo J . Periodontitis is associated with angiographically verified coronary artery disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2011; 38(11):1007-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01775.x. View

18.

Benedetti G, Campus G, Strohmenger L, Lingstrom P . Tobacco and dental caries: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2012; 71(3-4):363-71. DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.734409. View

19.

Axelsson P, Lindhe J . Effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on caries and periodontal disease in adults. Results after 6 years. J Clin Periodontol. 1981; 8(3):239-48. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1981.tb02035.x. View

20.

Kirkevang L, Vaeth M, Horsted-Bindslev P, Bahrami G, Wenzel A . Risk factors for developing apical periodontitis in a general population. Int Endod J. 2007; 40(4):290-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01224.x. View