FADS Polymorphism, Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review

Overview

Journal Nutrients

Date 2018 Jun 15

PMID 29899246

Citations 21

Authors

Barbara Brayner

Gunveen Kaur

Michelle A Keske

Katherine M Livingstone

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The role of 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC 3 PUFA) in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is not well established. The synthesis of LC 3 PUFA requires fatty acid desaturase enzymes, which are encoded by the FADS gene. It is unclear if FADS polymorphism and dietary fatty acid intake can influence plasma or erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profile and thereby the risk of T2DM. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the current evidence for an effect of FADS polymorphism on T2DM risk and understand its associations with serum/erythrocyte and dietary LC 3 PUFA. A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus databases. A total of five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the present review. This review identified that FADS polymorphism may alter plasma fatty acid composition and play a protective role in the development of T2DM. Serum and erythrocyte LC 3 PUFA levels were not associated with risk of T2DM, while dietary intake of LC 3 PUFA was associated with lower risk of T2DM in one study only. The effect of LC 3 PUFA consumption on associations between FADS polymorphism and T2DM warrants further investigation.

Citing Articles

Genetic association between FADS and ELOVL polymorphisms and the circulating levels of EPA/DHA in humans: a scoping review.

Loukil I, Mutch D, Plourde M Genes Nutr. 2024; 19(1):11.

PMID: 38844860 PMC: 11157910. DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00747-4.

Relationship between gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria.

Liu Y, Wan Q World J Diabetes. 2024; 14(12):1803-1812.

PMID: 38222779 PMC: 10784796. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1803.

Metabolomic epidemiology offers insights into disease aetiology.

Fuller H, Zhu Y, Nicholas J, Chatelaine H, Drzymalla E, Sarvestani A Nat Metab. 2023; 5(10):1656-1672.

PMID: 37872285 PMC: 11164316. DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00903-x.

New Perspectives on the Associations between Blood Fatty Acids, Growth Parameters, and Cognitive Development in Global Child Populations.

Cardino V, Goeden T, Yakah W, Ezeamama A, Fenton J Nutrients. 2023; 15(8).

PMID: 37111152 PMC: 10143140. DOI: 10.3390/nu15081933.

Metabolic Signatures Elucidate the Effect of Body Mass Index on Type 2 Diabetes.

Dong Q, Sidra S, Gieger C, Wang-Sattler R, Rathmann W, Prehn C Metabolites. 2023; 13(2).

PMID: 36837846 PMC: 9965667. DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020227.

References

Simopoulos A . Genetic variants in the metabolism of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids: their role in the determination of nutritional requirements and chronic disease risk. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2010; 235(7):785-95. DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.009298. View

Hivert M, Vassy J, Meigs J . Susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus--from genes to prevention. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014; 10(4):198-205. PMC: 4058643. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.11. View

Chen C, Yu X, Shao S . Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Glucose Control and Lipid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015; 10(10):e0139565. PMC: 4591987. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139565. View

Moloney F, Yeow T, Mullen A, Nolan J, Roche H . Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80(4):887-95. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.4.887. View

Calder P . Mechanisms of action of (n-3) fatty acids. J Nutr. 2012; 142(3):592S-599S. DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.155259. View

Takkunen M, Schwab U, de Mello V, Eriksson J, Lindstrom J, Tuomilehto J . Longitudinal associations of serum fatty acid composition with type 2 diabetes risk and markers of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Eur J Nutr. 2015; 55(3):967-79. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0911-4. View

Yao M, Li J, Xie T, He T, Fang L, Shi Y . Polymorphisms of rs174616 in the FADS1-FADS2 gene cluster is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in northern Han Chinese people. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015; 109(1):206-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.03.009. View

Merino D, Ma D, Mutch D . Genetic variation in lipid desaturases and its impact on the development of human disease. Lipids Health Dis. 2010; 9:63. PMC: 2914715. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-9-63. View

Malerba G, Schaeffer L, Xumerle L, Klopp N, Trabetti E, Biscuola M . SNPs of the FADS gene cluster are associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids in a cohort of patients with cardiovascular disease. Lipids. 2008; 43(4):289-99. DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3158-5. View

10.

Guo S . Insulin signaling, resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: insights from mouse models into disease mechanisms. J Endocrinol. 2013; 220(2):T1-T23. PMC: 4087161. DOI: 10.1530/JOE-13-0327. View

11.

Sears B, Perry M . The role of fatty acids in insulin resistance. Lipids Health Dis. 2015; 14:121. PMC: 4587882. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0123-1. View

12.

Lattka E, Illig T, Koletzko B, Heinrich J . Genetic variants of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster as related to essential fatty acid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2009; 21(1):64-9. DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283327ca8. View

13.

Wu J, Micha R, Imamura F, Pan A, Biggs M, Ajaz O . Omega-3 fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2012; 107 Suppl 2:S214-27. PMC: 3744862. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114512001602. View

14.

Beale E . Insulin signaling and insulin resistance. J Investig Med. 2012; 61(1):11-4. PMC: 3640267. DOI: 10.2310/JIM.0b013e3182746f95. View

15.

Lardinois C, Starich G . Polyunsaturated fats enhance peripheral glucose utilization in rats. J Am Coll Nutr. 1991; 10(4):340-5. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1991.10718161. View

16.

Minihane A . Impact of Genotype on EPA and DHA Status and Responsiveness to Increased Intakes. Nutrients. 2016; 8(3):123. PMC: 4808853. DOI: 10.3390/nu8030123. View

17.

Wallin A, Di Giuseppe D, Orsini N, Patel P, Forouhi N, Wolk A . Fish consumption, dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids, and risk of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35(4):918-29. PMC: 3308304. DOI: 10.2337/dc11-1631. View

18.

Huang M, Chang W, Chang H, Chung H, Chen F, Huang Y . FADS Gene Polymorphisms, Fatty Acid Desaturase Activities, and HDL-C in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 14(6). PMC: 5486258. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060572. View

19.

Barman M, Nilsson S, Torinsson Naluai A, Sandin A, Wold A, Sandberg A . Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the FADS Gene Cluster but not the ELOVL2 Gene are Associated with Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition and Development of Allergy (in a Swedish Birth Cohort). Nutrients. 2015; 7(12):10100-15. PMC: 4690073. DOI: 10.3390/nu7125521. View

20.

Scholtz S, Kerling E, Shaddy D, Li S, Thodosoff J, Colombo J . Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in pregnancy differentially modulates arachidonic acid and DHA status across FADS genotypes in pregnancy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2014; 94:29-33. PMC: 4339528. DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.10.008. View