Increased Serum Dihomo-γ-linolenic Acid Levels Are Associated with Obesity, Body Fat Accumulation, and Insulin Resistance in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Overview

Journal Intern Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2018 Jun 8

PMID 29877283

Citations 20

Authors

Yuya Tsurutani

Kosuke Inoue

Chiho Sugisawa

Jun Saito

Masao Omura

Tetsuo Nishikawa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective To clarify the associations between serum omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels and obesity-related metabolic abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Materials Data from 225 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were cross-sectionally analyzed. The serum levels of n-6 PUFAs [dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (AA)] and n-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) were measured, and the estimated Δ-5 desaturase (D5D) activity was calculated based on the AA to DGLA ratio. The associations between the composition of PUFAs and obesity-related parameters, including the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, alanine amino transferase (ALT) level, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body fat percentage, as measured by a bioelectrical impedance analysis, were analyzed. Results Among the PUFAs, the DGLA level had the strongest correlations with BMI (p<0.001), waist circumference (p<0.001), ALT level (p<0.001), HOMA-IR (p<0.001), and body fat percentage (p<0.01). AA was positively correlated and D5D was negatively correlated with several obesity-related parameters, while n-3 PUFAs did not have a constant correlation. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the DGLA level was an independent determinant for HOMA-IR (β=0.195, p=0.0066) after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, and the ALT, triglyceride, and HbA1c levels. Conclusion A high serum DGLA level was associated with obesity, body fat accumulation, a high ALT level, and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. The measurement of the serum PUFA levels may be useful for evaluating metabolic abnormalities and estimating the dietary habits of patients.

Citing Articles

High levels of serum dihomo-γ-linolenic acid are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients.

Mochizuki K, Higa M, Ikehara K, Ichijo T, Hirose T Diabetol Int. 2025; 16(1):107-114.

PMID: 39877445 PMC: 11769884. DOI: 10.1007/s13340-024-00760-3.

Oxylipins Derived from PUFAs in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Mechanism of Actions and Possible Nutritional Interactions.

Agagunduz D, Yesildemir O, Kocyigit E, Kocak T, Ozen Unaldi B, Ayakdas G Nutrients. 2024; 16(22).

PMID: 39599599 PMC: 11597274. DOI: 10.3390/nu16223812.

Relationship between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis.

Liu Q, Liu Z, Wu D, Wang S Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024; 25(4):142.

PMID: 39076540 PMC: 11263998. DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2504142.

Serum Metabolomics Uncovers the Mechanisms of Inulin in Preventing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Sun Y, Zhou W, Zhu M Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024; 17(7).

PMID: 39065745 PMC: 11279973. DOI: 10.3390/ph17070895.

Association of dietary nutrient intake with type 2 diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study.

Kang R, Guo D, Wang J, Xie Z Medicine (Baltimore). 2024; 103(19):e38090.

PMID: 38728475 PMC: 11081547. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038090.

References

Simopoulos A . Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 70(3 Suppl):560S-569S. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/70.3.560s. View

Yanagisawa N, Shimada K, Miyazaki T, Kume A, Kitamura Y, Ichikawa R . Polyunsaturated fatty acid levels of serum and red blood cells in apparently healthy Japanese subjects living in an urban area. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2010; 17(3):285-94. DOI: 10.5551/jat.2618. View

Hennig B, Watkins B . Linoleic acid and linolenic acid: effect on permeability properties of cultured endothelial cell monolayers. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989; 49(2):301-5. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/49.2.301. View

An W, Son Y, Kim S, Kim K, Bae H, Lee S . Association of adiponectin and leptin with serum lipids and erythrocyte omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in dialysis patients. Clin Nephrol. 2011; 75(3):195-203. DOI: 10.5414/cnp75195. View

Vessby B, Gustafsson I, Tengblad S, Boberg M, Andersson A . Desaturation and elongation of Fatty acids and insulin action. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002; 967:183-95. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04275.x. View

Han D, Chang K, Li C, Lin Y, Kao T, Tsai K . Skeletal muscle mass adjusted by height correlated better with muscular functions than that adjusted by body weight in defining sarcopenia. Sci Rep. 2016; 6:19457. PMC: 4726295. DOI: 10.1038/srep19457. View

Simopoulos A . An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk for Obesity. Nutrients. 2016; 8(3):128. PMC: 4808858. DOI: 10.3390/nu8030128. View

Ogawa H, Fujitani K, Tsujinaka T, Imanishi K, Shirakata H, Kantani A . InBody 720 as a new method of evaluating visceral obesity. Hepatogastroenterology. 2011; 58(105):42-4. View

Seino Y, Nanjo K, Tajima N, Kadowaki T, Kashiwagi A, Araki E . Report of the committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig. 2014; 1(5):212-28. PMC: 4020724. DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00074.x. View

10.

Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Takeda K, Tsuda H, Arai T, Hirose K . Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Hypertens Res. 2002; 25(3):359-64. DOI: 10.1291/hypres.25.359. View

11.

Di Marzo V, Matias I . Endocannabinoid control of food intake and energy balance. Nat Neurosci. 2005; 8(5):585-9. DOI: 10.1038/nn1457. View

12.

Buckley J, Howe P . Anti-obesity effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Obes Rev. 2009; 10(6):648-59. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00584.x. View

13.

Nakamura T, Azuma A, Kuribayashi T, Sugihara H, Okuda S, Nakagawa M . Serum fatty acid levels, dietary style and coronary heart disease in three neighbouring areas in Japan: the Kumihama study. Br J Nutr. 2003; 89(2):267-72. DOI: 10.1079/BJN2002747. View

14.

James M, Gibson R, Cleland L . Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 71(1 Suppl):343S-8S. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.1.343s. View

15.

Troiano R, Briefel R, CARROLL M, Bialostosky K . Energy and fat intakes of children and adolescents in the united states: data from the national health and nutrition examination surveys. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72(5 Suppl):1343S-1353S. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1343s. View

16.

Warensjo E, Rosell M, Hellenius M, Vessby B, de Faire U, Riserus U . Associations between estimated fatty acid desaturase activities in serum lipids and adipose tissue in humans: links to obesity and insulin resistance. Lipids Health Dis. 2009; 8:37. PMC: 2746208. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-8-37. View

17.

Faria S, Faria O, Cardeal M, Ito M . Validation study of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry among obese patients. Obes Surg. 2014; 24(9):1476-80. DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1190-5. View

18.

Tsivgoulis G, Vemmos K, Papamichael C, Spengos K, Manios E, Stamatelopoulos K . Common carotid artery intima-media thickness and the risk of stroke recurrence. Stroke. 2006; 37(7):1913-6. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000226399.13528.0a. View

19.

Matsuda M, Kawamoto T, Tamura R . Predictive value of serum dihomo-γ-linolenic acid level and estimated Δ-5 desaturase activity in patients with hepatic steatosis. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2016; 11(1):34-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.02.004. View

20.

Rubin D, Laposata M . Regulation of agonist-induced prostaglandin E1 versus prostaglandin E2 production. A mass analysis. J Biol Chem. 1991; 266(35):23618-23. View