IL-2 Production and Response in Vitro by the Leukocytes of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

In order to investigate the nature of the T cell defect associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) we studied the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), 2 with opportunistic infection (OI), 23 with AIDS-related symptoms complex (ARC) without KS or OI (ARC), and 29 heterosexual controls to produce interleukin II (IL-2) on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation and to respond to exogenously supplied IL-2. Patients with AIDS as well as those with ARC produced adequate levels of IL-2 in response to lectin stimulation when compared to controls (AIDS, 3.07 +/- 1.98 units; ARC, 3.03 +/- 1.89 units; controls, 3.75 +/- 1.52 units). However, the ability of these patients' cells to respond in vitro to exogenously supplied IL-2 as measured on short-term PHA-stimulated T cell blasts, was found to be severely impaired in patients with AIDS and ARC (AIDS, 22.4 +/- 6.0 X 10(-3) cpm; ARC, 20.1 +/- 4.2 X 10(-3) cpm; control, 41.4 +/- 4.2 X 10(-3) cpm). This impairment was associated with diminished expression of the IL-2 receptor on 7-day-old lectin-stimulated T cells from both patient groups (AIDS, 17.7 +/- 5.7; ARC, 36.8 +/- 4.4; control 71.8 +/- 1.7). These results should be considered when IL-2 is proposed as potential therapy in the treatment of AIDS. They also suggest that the nature of the AIDS defect is related to impaired hormone receptor expression.