Identification of the Human Analogue of a Regulator That Induces Differentiation in Murine Leukaemic Cells

We have recently purified murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a regulatory glycoprotein which stimulates granulocyte colony formation from committed murine precursor cells in semi-solid agar cultures. G-CSF is one of a family of colony-stimulating factors that regulate the growth and differentiation of granulocytes and macrophages. While the other murine CSFs (granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, macrophage (M)-CSF and multi-CSF) show little or no differentiation-inducing activity on murine myelomonocytic leukaemia cell lines, G-CSF (or MGI-2(6)) is able to induce the production of terminally differentiated cells from WEHI-3B and other myeloid leukaemia cell lines. More importantly, G-CSF-containing materials suppress the self-renewal of myeloid leukaemia stem cells in vitro and the leukaemogenicity of treated myeloid leukaemic cells in vivo. It is important to identify the human analogue of murine G-CSF so that its effectiveness on human myeloid leukaemia cells can be assessed. Here we show that an analogue of G-CSF does exist among the CSFs produced by human cells and that the murine and human molecules show almost complete biological and receptor-binding cross-reactivities to normal and leukaemic murine or human cells. The human G-CSF analogue is identified as a species of CSF that we have previously described as CSF-beta.