Toll-like Receptors 2 and 4 Modulate Intestinal IL-10 Differently in Ileum and Colon

Overview

Journal United European Gastroenterol J

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Gastroenterology

Date 2018 May 19

PMID 29774159

Citations 13

Authors

Eva Latorre

Elena Layunta

Laura Grasa

Julian Pardo

Santiago Garcia

Ana I Alcalde

Jose E Mesonero

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases are consequence of an intestinal homeostasis breakdown in which innate immune dysregulation is implicated. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are immune recognition receptors expressed in the intestinal epithelium, the first physical-physiological barrier for microorganisms, to inform the host of the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine that contributes to maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.

Aim: Our main aim was to investigate intestinal IL-10 synthesis and release, and whether TLR2 and TLR4 are determinants of IL-10 expression in the intestinal tract.

Methods: We used Caco-2 cell line as an enterocyte-like cell model, and also ileum and colon from mice deficient in TLR2, TLR4 or TLR2/4 to test the involvement of TLR signaling.

Results: Intestinal epithelial cells are able to synthesize and release IL-10 and their expression is increased after TLR2 or TLR4 activation. IL-10 regulation seems to be tissue specific, with IL-10 expression in the ileum regulated by a compensation between TLR2 and TLR4 expression, whereas in the colon, TLR2 and TLR4 affect IL-10 expression independently.

Conclusions: Intestinal epithelial cells could release IL-10 in response to TLR activation, playing an intestinal tissue-dependent and critical intestinal immune role.

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