Executive and Visuospatial Dysfunction in Patients With Primary Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease: Study of a Chinese Population

Overview

Journal J Clin Sleep Med

Specialties Neurology
Psychiatry

Date 2018 May 9

PMID 29734979

Citations 10

Authors

Gen Li

Huidong Tang

Jie Chen

Xuemei Qi

Shengdi Chen

Jianfang Ma

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Study Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the cognitive function of patients with primary restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/ WED) in a Chinese population.

Methods: A total of 40 patients with RLS/WED who were drug naïve and 40 controls, matched by age, sex, and educational level, were evaluated by cognitive function assessments, including the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-C), clock drawing test (CDT), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (CFT), and Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT).

Results: Patients with RLS/WED showed worse performance on the SCWT (Stroop Card C time: 102.36 ± 17.12 versus 87.08 ± 7.73 seconds, = .033; Interference Index: 3.39 ± 0.38 versus 2.90 ± 0.15, < .0001), CFT (24.05 ± 9.28 versus 33.74 ± 1.59, = .008), and CDT than controls (16-score method: 10.13 ± 3.94 versus 13.98 ± 1.79, = .0002) after adjusting for Hamilton Anxiety Scale score, Hamilton Depression Scale score, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score to eliminate the confounders of concomitant sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusions: Our study suggested that cognitive functions involving executive and visuospatial domains might be disturbed in Chinese patients with primary RLS/WED.

Citing Articles

Association between cerebral blood flow variation and cognitive decline in older patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Guo Y, Cui W, Ye P, Luo Y Front Aging Neurosci. 2024; 16:1457675.

PMID: 39355539 PMC: 11442252. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1457675.

Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults with Restless Legs Syndrome or Willis-Ekbom Disease.

Liampas I, Siokas V, Kyrozis A, Sakoutis G, Yannakoulia M, Kosmidis M Life (Basel). 2024; 14(4).

PMID: 38672702 PMC: 11051192. DOI: 10.3390/life14040430.

Associations of anxiety and depression with restless leg syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

An T, Sun H, Yuan L, Wu X, Lu B Front Neurol. 2024; 15:1366839.

PMID: 38562425 PMC: 10982394. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1366839.

Restless legs syndrome and cognitive function among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Wang S, Zheng X, Huang J, Lin J, Yang T, Xiao Y J Neurol. 2022; 270(3):1361-1370.

PMID: 36472687 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11484-2.

Association of a History of Sleep Disorder With Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Dementia.

Choe Y, Suh G, Kim J Psychiatry Investig. 2022; 19(10):840-846.

PMID: 36327964 PMC: 9633163. DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0176.

References

Johar H, Kawan R, Emeny R, Ladwig K . Impaired Sleep Predicts Cognitive Decline in Old People: Findings from the Prospective KORA Age Study. Sleep. 2015; 39(1):217-26. PMC: 4678344. DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5352. View

Zhou B, Zhao Q, Teramukai S, Ding D, Guo Q, Fukushima M . Executive function predicts survival in Alzheimer disease: a study in Shanghai. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010; 22(2):673-82. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2010-100318. View

Wang G, Wan Y, Cheng Q, Xiao Q, Wang Y, Zhang J . Malnutrition and associated factors in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease: Results from a pilot investigation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009; 16(2):119-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.08.009. View

Unrath A, Muller H, Ludolph A, Riecker A, Kassubek J . Cerebral white matter alterations in idiopathic restless legs syndrome, as measured by diffusion tensor imaging. Mov Disord. 2008; 23(9):1250-5. DOI: 10.1002/mds.22074. View

Allen R, Picchietti D, Garcia-Borreguero D, Ondo W, Walters A, Winkelman J . Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria--history, rationale, description, and significance. Sleep Med. 2014; 15(8):860-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.025. View

Fulda S, Beitinger M, Reppermund S, Winkelmann J, Wetter T . Short-term attention and verbal fluency is decreased in restless legs syndrome patients. Mov Disord. 2010; 25(15):2641-8. DOI: 10.1002/mds.23353. View

Cervenka S, E Palhagen S, Comley R, Panagiotidis G, Cselenyi Z, Matthews J . Support for dopaminergic hypoactivity in restless legs syndrome: a PET study on D2-receptor binding. Brain. 2006; 129(Pt 8):2017-28. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl163. View

Hornyak M, Ahrendts J, Spiegelhalder K, Riemann D, Voderholzer U, Feige B . Voxel-based morphometry in unmedicated patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2007; 9(1):22-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.09.010. View

Astrakas L, Konitsiotis S, Margariti P, Tsouli S, Tzarouhi L, Argyropoulou M . T2 relaxometry and fMRI of the brain in late-onset restless legs syndrome. Neurology. 2008; 71(12):911-6. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000325914.50764.a2. View

10.

Jung K, Koo Y, Kim B, Ko D, Lee G, Kim K . Electrophysiologic disturbances during daytime in patients with restless legs syndrome: further evidence of cognitive dysfunction?. Sleep Med. 2011; 12(4):416-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.08.018. View

11.

Pearson V, Allen R, Dean T, Gamaldo C, Lesage S, Earley C . Cognitive deficits associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Sleep Med. 2005; 7(1):25-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2005.05.006. View

12.

Tippin J, Aksan N, Dawson J, Anderson S, Rizzo M . Sleep remains disturbed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with positive airway pressure: a three-month cohort study using continuous actigraphy. Sleep Med. 2016; 24:24-31. PMC: 5117671. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.07.008. View

13.

Allen R . Restless legs syndrome/Willis Ekbom disease: evaluation and treatment. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2014; 26(2):248-62. DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2014.904279. View

14.

Celle S, Roche F, Kerleroux J, Thomas-Anterion C, Laurent B, Rouch I . Prevalence and clinical correlates of restless legs syndrome in an elderly French population: the synapse study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009; 65(2):167-73. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp161. View

15.

Gamaldo C, Benbrook A, Allen R, Oguntimein O, Earley C . A further evaluation of the cognitive deficits associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Sleep Med. 2007; 9(5):500-5. PMC: 2532669. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.07.014. View

16.

Choi J, Ko D, Lee G, Jung K, Kim K . Reduced neural synchrony in patients with restless legs syndrome during a visual oddball task. PLoS One. 2012; 7(7):e42312. PMC: 3407084. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042312. View

17.

Rizzo G, Manners D, Testa C, Tonon C, Vetrugno R, Marconi S . Low brain iron content in idiopathic restless legs syndrome patients detected by phase imaging. Mov Disord. 2013; 28(13):1886-90. DOI: 10.1002/mds.25576. View

18.

Guo Q, Zhao Q, Chen M, Ding D, Hong Z . A comparison study of mild cognitive impairment with 3 memory tests among Chinese individuals. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2009; 23(3):253-9. DOI: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181999e92. View

19.

Moreau P, Tsenkina Y, Lecourtier L, Lopez J, Cosquer B, Wolff M . Lesions of the anterior thalamic nuclei and intralaminar thalamic nuclei: place and visual discrimination learning in the water maze. Brain Struct Funct. 2012; 218(3):657-67. DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0419-0. View

20.

Etgen T, Draganski B, Ilg C, Schroder M, Geisler P, Hajak G . Bilateral thalamic gray matter changes in patients with restless legs syndrome. Neuroimage. 2005; 24(4):1242-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.021. View