Ambulance Vehicles As a Source of Multidrug-resistant Infections: a Multicenter Study in Assiut City, Egypt

Overview

Journal Infect Drug Resist

Publisher Dove Medical Press

Date 2018 May 8

PMID 29731647

Citations 27

Authors

Mohamed A El-Mokhtar

Helal F Hetta

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Ambulances may represent a potential source of infection to patients, patients' relatives, and paramedical staffs. In this study, we analyzed the extent of bacterial contamination in ambulance vehicles and measured the degree of antimicrobial resistance among isolated pathogens.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five vehicles were included and 16 sampling points were swabbed in each vehicle. Then the swabs were immediately transferred to the laboratory to identify bacterial contaminants utilizing standard microbiological procedures and API systems. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and screening for methicillin-resistant staphylococci and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Gram-negative rods were carried out.

Results: A total of 400 samples were collected, 589 bacteria were isolated and 286 (48.6%) of the isolates were potentially pathogenic. The highest contamination rate with pathogenic bacteria was detected in suction devices (75.8%) and stethoscopes (67.7%). Staphylococci were the most frequently detected microorganisms (n=184) followed by spp. (49), (40), spp. (7), and spp. (6). Staphylococci were mostly sensitive to vancomycin, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem. Overall, 46.1% of were methicillin resistant, whereas 20.4% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci were methicillin resistant. Moreover, 36.7% of spp. and 27.5% of were ESBL producers.

Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that ambulances represent a source of prehospital multidrug-resistant infections.

Citing Articles

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