Mechanisms of the Effect of Magnesium Salts in Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous pregnancy-specific syndrome associated with abnormal trophoblast invasion and endothelial dysfunction. Magnesium (Mg) level may be normal or decreased in women with preeclampsia. However, the use of Mg salts, such as Mg sulphate, are useful in reducing the pathophysiological consequences of preeclampsia with severe features and eclampsia. Although the mechanism of action of this Mg salt is not well understood, the available evidence suggests a beneficial effect of Mg for the mother and foetus. The mechanisms include a lower level of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and endoglin, blockage of brain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, decreased inflammation mediators, activation of nitric oxide synthases, blockage of arginases, and reduced free radicals level. The maintenance of Mg homeostasis in pregnancy is crucial for an appropriate pregnancy progression. Oral Mg salts can be used for this purpose which could result in mitigating the deleterious consequences of this syndrome to the mother, foetus, and newborn.