Reconstruction of a Replication-competent Ancestral Murine Endogenous Retrovirus-L

Overview

Journal Retrovirology

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2018 May 3

PMID 29716624

Citations 7

Authors

Daniel Blanco-Melo

Robert J Gifford

Paul D Bieniasz

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: About 10% of the mouse genome is composed of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that represent a molecular fossil record of past retroviral infections. One such retrovirus, murine ERV-L (MuERV-L) is an env-deficient ERV that has undergone episodic proliferation, with the most recent amplification occurring ~ 2 million years ago. MuERV-L related sequences have been co-opted by mice for antiretroviral defense, and possibly as promoters for some genes that regulate totipotency in early mouse embryos. However, MuERV-L sequences present in modern mouse genomes have not been observed to replicate.

Results: Here, we describe the reconstruction of an ancestral MuERV-L (ancML) sequence through paleovirological analyses of MuERV-L elements in the modern mouse genome. The resulting MuERV-L (ancML) sequence was synthesized and a reporter gene embedded. The reconstructed MuERV-L (ancML) could replicate in a manner that is dependent on reverse transcription and generated de novo integrants. Notably, MuERV-L (ancML) exhibited a narrow host range. Interferon-α could reduce MuERV-L (ancML) replication, suggesting the existence of interferon-inducible genes that could inhibit MuERV-L replication. While mouse APOBEC3 was able to restrict the replication of MuERV-L (ancML), inspection of endogenous MuERV-L sequences suggested that the impact of APOBEC3 mediated hypermutation on MuERV-L has been minimal.

Conclusion: The reconstruction of an ancestral MuERV-L sequence highlights the potential for the retroviral fossil record to illuminate ancient events and enable studies of the impact of retroviral elements on animal evolution.

Citing Articles

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A novel approach to exploring the dark genome and its application to mapping of the vertebrate virus fossil record.

Blanco-Melo D, Campbell M, Zhu H, Dennis T, Modha S, Lytras S Genome Biol. 2024; 25(1):120.

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Multiple recombination events between endogenous retroviral elements and feline leukemia virus.

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Yedavalli V, Patil A, Parrish J, Kozak C Retrovirology. 2021; 18(1):20.

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