Parenteral Nutrition and Insulin Per Protocol Improve Diabetes Management After Total Pancreatectomy

Introduction: Pancreatogenic diabetes develops in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy and complicates post-surgical management. The aim of this study was to compare parenteral nutrition (PN) with protocolled insulin treatment to intravenous glucose treatment after total pancreatectomy.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 97 patients undergoing total pancreatectomy between 2009 and 2014. Patients were divided into a PN cohort (n = 57) and a glucose cohort (n = 40). The PN cohort was given PN with one international unit (IU) rapid-acting insulin per 10 g of carbohydrate. The glucose cohort was given a continuous 5% glucose infusion with 2 IU rapid-acting insulin per 10 g of carbohydrate. Both cohorts were given insulin detemir 0.2 IU/kg/day.

Results: Within the first 13 post-operative days, plasma glucose values were within the target range (4.0-10.0 mmol/l) in the PN cohort more frequently than in the glucose cohort (46% versus 42%, p = 0.01) without any increase in hypoglycaemia. Non-infectious complications occurred less frequently in the parenteral cohort than in the glucose cohort (23% versus 43%, p = 0.04). Infectious complications occurred in 19% versus 33% of patients, respectively (p = 0.14). The mean length of hospitalisation was 19.8 ± 12.7 versus 25.0 ± 21.5 days, p = 0.14.

Conclusions: After total pancreatectomy, PN with insulin treatment per protocol improves glycaemic control compared with glucose infusion and reduces the number of non-infectious post-operative complications without increasing hypoglycaemia.

Funding: none.

Trial Registration: not relevant.