Recommendations for Urological Follow-up of Patients with Neurogenic Bladder Secondary to Spinal Cord Injury

Overview

Journal Int Urol Nephrol

Publisher Springer

Specialty Nephrology

Date 2018 Mar 24

PMID 29569211

Citations 16

Authors

Mikolaj Przydacz

Piotr Chlosta

Jacques Corcos

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: To review currently available guidelines and recommendations regarding urological follow-up of patients after spinal cord injury (SCI) and present an evidence-based summary to support clinicians in their clinical practice.

Methods: Maximum data were collected according to different methods, including searches with multiple and specific keywords, reference checks, gray literature searches (congress reports, working papers, statement documents), and browsing-related Web site access. Obtained data were analyzed with the modified version of the Oxford grading system for recommendations using levels of evidence (LE) and grades of recommendation (GR).

Results: Different surveillance strategies exist, but there is no consensus among authors and organizations. As a result, practice patterns vary around the world. The present review indicates that proper urological follow-up of SCI patients should consist of medical history (LE 1-4, GR B-C), clinical examination (LE 4, GR C), renal laboratory tests (LE 1-3, GR B), imaging surveillance of the upper urinary tract (LE 1-3, GR A-B), urodynamic study (LE 2-4, GR B-C), and cystoscopy/cytology (LE 1-4, GR D). Clinicians agree that SCI patients should be followed up regularly with an individually tailored approach. A 1-year follow-up schedule seems reasonable in SCI patients without additional risk factors of renal deterioration (LE 3-4, GR C). In those who manifest risk factors, report changes in bladder behavior, or present with already developed complications of neurogenic bladder dysfunction, follow-up plans should be modified with more frequent checkups (LE 4, GR C). Urodynamic study should be repeated and considered as a routine monitoring strategy.

Conclusion: Individuals with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction are at increased risk of multiple complications. Nevertheless, proper follow-up after SCI improves the prognosis for these patients and their quality of life.

Citing Articles

Recommendations for long-term follow-up care of secondary health conditions in spinal cord injury/disorder: a systematic review.

Eriks-Hoogland I, Jordan X, Baumberger M, Seijas V, Huber B, Michel F Front Rehabil Sci. 2024; 5:1371553.

PMID: 39463853 PMC: 11502465. DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1371553.

Videourodynamics - role, benefits and optimal practice.

Przydacz M, Goldman H Nat Rev Urol. 2024; 22(3):130-150.

PMID: 39210055 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00923-6.

Letter to editor re: Chen et al. (2024) Management of spinal cord injury patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction using minimally invasive and surgical therapies in Taiwan. Int Urol Nephrol 56:1205-1216.

Day A, Ravichandran S, Khadr R, Floyd Jr M Int Urol Nephrol. 2024; 56(9):2965-2966.

PMID: 38613664 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04051-3.

Conservative Bladder Management and Medical Treatment in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Patients.

Ong H, Chiang I, Hsu L, Chin C, Shao I, Jang M J Clin Med. 2023; 12(5).

PMID: 36902808 PMC: 10003947. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052021.

Expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs in neurogenic bladder of spinal cord injured rats: a transcriptomic analysis.

Ruan J, Shang Z, Yan H, Cui B, Wang Q, Wu J Transl Androl Urol. 2022; 11(6):735-749.

PMID: 35812196 PMC: 9262741. DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-1161.

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