Immunohistochemical Biomarkers of Adrenal Cortical Neoplasms

Overview

Journal Endocr Pathol

Specialties Endocrinology
Pathology

Date 2018 Mar 16

PMID 29542002

Citations 17

Authors

Ozgur Mete

Sylvia L Asa

Thomas J Giordano

Mauro Papotti

Hironobu Sasano

Marco Volante

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Careful morphological evaluation forms the basis of the workup of an adrenal cortical neoplasm. However, the adoption of immunohistochemical biomarkers has added tremendous value to enhance diagnostic accuracy. The authors provide a brief review of immunohistochemical biomarkers that have been used in the confirmation of adrenal cortical origin and in the detection of the source of functional adrenal cortical proliferations, as well as diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers of adrenal cortical carcinoma. In addition, a brief section on potential novel theranostic biomarkers in the prediction of treatment response to mitotane and other relevant chemotherapeutic agents is also provided. In the era of precision and personalized medical practice, adoption of combined morphology and immunohistochemistry provides a new approach to the diagnostic workup of adrenal cortical neoplasms, reflecting the evolution of clinical responsibility of pathologists.

Citing Articles

Long-term follow-up of combination therapy with pembrolizumab and anlotinib in thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor: a case report and molecular features.

Duan T, Xu M, Zhang H, Wu S, Wang H, Guo Z Front Oncol. 2024; 14:1453895.

PMID: 39723373 PMC: 11668654. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1453895.

Ectopic adrenocortical adenoma characterized by hypogonadism: a case report and review of the literature.

Wang Z, Zhong X, Yu J, Li H, Zheng J J Med Case Rep. 2024; 18(1):276.

PMID: 38863038 PMC: 11167918. DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04595-z.

Diagnostic and prognostic assessments of adrenocortical carcinomas by pathological features, immunohistochemical markers and reticular histochemistry staining.

Gan W, Han X, Gong Y, Yang Y, Wang C, Zhang Z Diagn Pathol. 2024; 19(1):71.

PMID: 38802933 PMC: 11131238. DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01496-z.

Recent Advances in Pathology of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Choi J, Thung S Cancers (Basel). 2024; 16(8).

PMID: 38672619 PMC: 11048541. DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081537.

A Rare Case of Myxoid Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Ferrer C, Delos Reyes-Murillo P Cureus. 2023; 15(5):e39433.

PMID: 37378236 PMC: 10292038. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39433.

References

Fletcher L, Cerniglia G, Nigg E, Yend T, Muschel R . Inhibition of centrosome separation after DNA damage: a role for Nek2. Radiat Res. 2004; 162(2):128-35. DOI: 10.1667/rr3211. View

Duregon E, Molinaro L, Volante M, Ventura L, Righi L, Bolla S . Comparative diagnostic and prognostic performances of the hematoxylin-eosin and phospho-histone H3 mitotic count and Ki-67 index in adrenocortical carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2014; 27(9):1246-54. DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.230. View

Xia Q, Wang X, Zhan X, Tan X, Chen H, Liu Y . Xp11 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinomas (RCCs) With RBM10-TFE3 Gene Fusion Demonstrating Melanotic Features and Overlapping Morphology With t(6;11) RCC: Interest and Diagnostic Pitfall in Detecting a Paracentric Inversion of TFE3. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017; 41(5):663-676. DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000837. View

Heaton J, Wood M, Kim A, Lima L, Barlaskar F, Almeida M . Progression to adrenocortical tumorigenesis in mice and humans through insulin-like growth factor 2 and β-catenin. Am J Pathol. 2012; 181(3):1017-33. PMC: 3432433. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.026. View

Wang C, Sun Y, Wu H, Zhao D, Chen J . Distinguishing adrenal cortical carcinomas and adenomas: a study of clinicopathological features and biomarkers. Histopathology. 2013; 64(4):567-76. PMC: 4282325. DOI: 10.1111/his.12283. View

Reincke M, Karl M, Travis W, Mastorakos G, Allolio B, Linehan H . p53 mutations in human adrenocortical neoplasms: immunohistochemical and molecular studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994; 78(3):790-4. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.78.3.8126158. View

Mulatero P, Stowasser M, Loh K, Fardella C, Gordon R, Mosso L . Increased diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, including surgically correctable forms, in centers from five continents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89(3):1045-50. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-031337. View

Germano A, Rapa I, Volante M, De Francia S, Migliore C, Berruti A . RRM1 modulates mitotane activity in adrenal cancer cells interfering with its metabolization. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2014; 401:105-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.027. View

Erickson L, Jin L, Sebo T, Lohse C, Pankratz V, Kendrick M . Pathologic features and expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 in adrenocortical neoplasms. Endocr Pathol. 2002; 12(4):429-35. DOI: 10.1385/ep:12:4:429. View

10.

Pereira S, Morais T, Costa M, Monteiro M, Pignatelli D . The emerging role of the molecular marker p27 in the differential diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors. Endocr Connect. 2013; 2(3):137-45. PMC: 3845830. DOI: 10.1530/EC-13-0025. View

11.

Fonseca D, Murthy S, Tagore K, Rao B, Thamminedi S, Raju K . Diagnosis of Adrenocortical Tumors by Reticulin Algorithm. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 21(5):734-737. PMC: 5628546. DOI: 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_573_16. View

12.

Tissier F, Cavard C, Groussin L, Perlemoine K, Fumey G, Hagnere A . Mutations of beta-catenin in adrenocortical tumors: activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a frequent event in both benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors. Cancer Res. 2005; 65(17):7622-7. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0593. View

13.

Nishioka H, Inoshita N, Mete O, Asa S, Hayashi K, Takeshita A . The Complementary Role of Transcription Factors in the Accurate Diagnosis of Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. Endocr Pathol. 2015; 26(4):349-55. DOI: 10.1007/s12022-015-9398-z. View

14.

Giordano T . The argument for mitotic rate-based grading for the prognostication of adrenocortical carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011; 35(4):471-3. DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31820bcf21. View

15.

Busam K, Iversen K, Coplan K, Old L, STOCKERT E, Chen Y . Immunoreactivity for A103, an antibody to melan-A (Mart-1), in adrenocortical and other steroid tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998; 22(1):57-63. DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199801000-00007. View

16.

Volante M, Bollito E, Sperone P, Tavaglione V, Daffara F, Porpiglia F . Clinicopathological study of a series of 92 adrenocortical carcinomas: from a proposal of simplified diagnostic algorithm to prognostic stratification. Histopathology. 2009; 55(5):535-43. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03423.x. View

17.

Taskin O, Gucer H, Mete O . An Unusual Adrenal Cortical Nodule: Composite Adrenal Cortical Adenoma and Adenomatoid Tumor. Endocr Pathol. 2015; 26(4):370-3. DOI: 10.1007/s12022-015-9365-8. View

18.

Dekkers T, ter Meer M, Lenders J, Hermus A, Schultze Kool L, Langenhuijsen J . Adrenal nodularity and somatic mutations in primary aldosteronism: one node is the culprit?. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99(7):E1341-51. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4255. View

19.

Wrighton K . Mitosis: Microtubules protect spindle assembly factors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014; 15(3):150-1. DOI: 10.1038/nrm3759. View

20.

Mete O, Duan K . The Many Faces of Primary Aldosteronism and Cushing Syndrome: A Reflection of Adrenocortical Tumor Heterogeneity. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018; 5:54. PMC: 5857537. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00054. View