Deep Vein Thrombosis and Properties of the Arterial Wall

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) affects more than one out of 1,000 people every year, of which 50 % develop post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Studies indicated that patients with DVT have deteriorated arterial wall function, while less is known about the association with PTS. We therefore investigated this relationship further.

Patients And Methods: A total of 120 patients treated for DVT of the lower extremity and a control group of 40 subjects without DVT were included. We assessed the presence of PTS using the Villalta scale. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) were calculated and reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AI) were obtained.

Results: Patients with a history of DVT had lower FMD (4.0 % vs. 8.0 %, p < 0.001), lower NMD (12 % vs. 19 %, p = 0.001), and increased diameter of brachial artery (4.8 mm vs. 4.4 mm, p = 0.017). Peripheral arterial tonometry showed higher AI in patients with DVT (22.0 vs. 6.0, p = 0.004), while there was no difference in RHI. No differences in values between PTS-positive and PTS-negative patients were found.

Conclusions: We confirmed the association between DVT and deteriorated functional properties of the arterial wall. Endothelial dysfunction of the large arteries, increased arterial stiffness, and increased diameter of the brachial artery were found in patients with DVT. However, there was no association between functional capability of the arterial wall and the incidence of PTS in DVT patients.