Evaluation of Postoperative Stability After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the amount of fracture displacement affects postoperative stability of isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures and to determine whether the 1-point fixation method is as stable as 2- or 3-point fixation methods. The authors investigated 14 patients with 1-point fixation in the zygomaticomaxillary area (group A), 14 patients with 2-point fixation in the zygomaticomaxillary and frontozygomatic area (group B), and 13 patients with 3-point fixation in the zygomaticomaxillary, frontozygomatic, and infraorbital rim area (group C). Stability of the reduced zygomaticomaxillary complex was assessed by comparing immediate postoperative cone beam computed tomography images with those obtained at least 3 months later. Preoperatively, the total mean displacement was 3.79 ± 1.36 mm in group A, 3.43 ± 0.89 mm in group B, and 3.86 ± 1.57 mm in group C. The total postoperative orbital and screw changes were 0.91 ± 0.18 and 0.72 ± 0.08 mm, respectively, in group A; 0.92 ± 0.19 and 0.68 ± 0.09 mm, respectively, in group B; and 0.91 ± 0.11 and 0.66 ± 0.10 mm, respectively, in group C. There were no significant relationships between postoperative stability and amount of fracture displacement in any of the 3 groups, or between the 3 groups (P > 0.05). There was little difference in postoperative stability between the 3 groups. Hence, the amount of displacement is not a very important consideration when deciding the fixation method, including the number and location of miniplates applied for fixation.