Case of Advanced Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cured by Resection Through Preoperative Induction of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor

The options for lung cancer treatment have increased due to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, but there has been no report of inoperable cases whereby the treatment effects rendered the case operable, an operation was subsequently performed, and histological assessment of the surgical specimen was carried out. Here, we report a 67-year-old man who was given pembrolizumab for T3N0 lung squamous cell carcinoma suspected of pericardial infiltration and judged inoperable. Treatment effect was evaluated after four courses. Computed tomography indicated a partial response, and operability was feasible. Therefore, thoracoscopic left upper lobectomy was performed after six courses of pembrolizumab, and histological assessment of the treatment effect was determined to be Ef 3, a complete response. The postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged on the third postoperative day. We encountered a case that could be surgically treated after pembrolizumab administration. This treatment was safe and effective for advanced lung cancer.