The Global Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer: a Joinpoint Regression Analysis of Its Incidence and Mortality Trends and Projection

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2018 Jan 20

PMID 29348548

Citations 125

Authors

Martin C S Wong

Franklin D H Fung

Colette Leung

Wilson W L Cheung

William B Goggins

C F Ng

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We tested the hypotheses that the global incidence of bladder cancer was increasing but its mortality was reducing and its incidence was positively correlated with country-specific socioeconomic development. We retrieved data on age-standardized incidence and mortality rates/100,000 from the GLOBOCAN database in 2012. Temporal patterns were examined for 39 countries from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents volumes I-X and other national registries. We evaluated the correlation between the incidence/mortality rates and Human Development Index (HDI)/ logarithmic values of Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP). The average annual percent change of the incidence and mortality rates in the most recent 10 years was examined by joinpoint regression analysis. The highest incidence rates were observed in Southern Europe, Western Europe and North America. The mortality rates were the highest in Western Asia and Northern Africa. The incidence was positively correlated with HDI (r = 0.66 [men]; r = 0.50 [women]) and to a lesser extent logarithmic values of GDP per capita (r = 0.60 [men]; r = 0.50 [women], all p < 0.01). Many European countries experienced incidence rise. A substantial mortality reduction was observed in most countries, yet increases in mortality rates were observed in the Philippines and Iceland. These findings identified countries where more preventive actions are required.

Citing Articles

Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of bladder cancer from 1990 to 2021: an observational study from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Su X, Tao Y, Chen F, Han X, Xue L Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):7655.

PMID: 40038504 PMC: 11880295. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-92033-5.

Effectiveness and safety of PD-1/L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who are ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy: a meta-analysis.

Liang W, Wang Z, Huang Z, Huang Y, Li C, Liang Y Front Immunol. 2025; 16:1430673.

PMID: 40013152 PMC: 11860080. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1430673.

Epigenetic modifications in bladder cancer: crosstalk between DNA methylation and miRNAs.

Li W, Luo P, Chen Q, Cheng L, Gan L, Zhang F Front Immunol. 2025; 16:1518144.

PMID: 39981244 PMC: 11841399. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1518144.

Non-thermal plasma as promising anti-cancer therapy against bladder cancer by inducing DNA damage and cell cycle arrest.

Stoof J, Kalmoua Z, Sobota A, Brakenhoff R, Stigter M, Pham T Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):2334.

PMID: 39824909 PMC: 11742390. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-85568-0.

Recent Perspectives on Anticancer Potential of Coumarin Against Different Human Malignancies: An Updated Review.

Shahbaz M, Perween A, Momal U, Imran M, Ul Hassan M, Naeem H Food Sci Nutr. 2025; 13(1):e4696.

PMID: 39803273 PMC: 11717051. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4696.

References

Wong M, Jiang J, Liang M, Fang Y, Yeung M, Sung J . Global temporal patterns of pancreatic cancer and association with socioeconomic development. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):3165. PMC: 5466634. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02997-2. View

Ramirez-Backhaus M, Dominguez-Escrig J, Collado A, Rubio-Briones J, Solsona E . Restaging transurethral resection of bladder tumor for high-risk stage Ta and T1 bladder cancer. Curr Urol Rep. 2012; 13(2):109-14. DOI: 10.1007/s11934-012-0234-4. View

Antoni S, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Znaor A, Jemal A, Bray F . Bladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Global Overview and Recent Trends. Eur Urol. 2016; 71(1):96-108. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.010. View

Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber R, Barregard L, Bhutta Z, Brenner H . Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol. 2016; 3(4):524-548. PMC: 6103527. DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5688. View

Burger M, Catto J, Dalbagni G, Grossman H, Herr H, Karakiewicz P . Epidemiology and risk factors of urothelial bladder cancer. Eur Urol. 2012; 63(2):234-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.07.033. View

Mathers C, Fat D, Inoue M, Rao C, Lopez A . Counting the dead and what they died from: an assessment of the global status of cause of death data. Bull World Health Organ. 2005; 83(3):171-7. PMC: 2624200. DOI: /S0042-96862005000300009. View

Wong M, Goggins W, Wang H, Fung F, Leung C, Wong S . Global Incidence and Mortality for Prostate Cancer: Analysis of Temporal Patterns and Trends in 36 Countries. Eur Urol. 2016; 70(5):862-874. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.043. View

Malmstrom P, Sylvester R, Crawford D, Friedrich M, Krege S, Rintala E . An individual patient data meta-analysis of the long-term outcome of randomised studies comparing intravesical mitomycin C versus bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol. 2009; 56(2):247-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.04.038. View

Mahdavifar N, Ghoncheh M, Pakzad R, Momenimovahed Z, Salehiniya H . Epidemiology, Incidence and Mortality of Bladder Cancer and their Relationship with the Development Index in the World. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016; 17(1):381-6. DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.1.381. View

10.

Stenzl A, Cowan N, De Santis M, Kuczyk M, Merseburger A, Ribal M . Treatment of muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer: update of the EAU guidelines. Eur Urol. 2011; 59(6):1009-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.03.023. View

11.

Nielsen M, Smith A, Meyer A, Kuo T, Tyree S, Kim W . Trends in stage-specific incidence rates for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in the United States: 1988 to 2006. Cancer. 2013; 120(1):86-95. PMC: 3964001. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28397. View

12.

Wong M, Jiang J, Goggins W, Liang M, Fang Y, Fung F . International incidence and mortality trends of liver cancer: a global profile. Sci Rep. 2017; 7:45846. PMC: 5374459. DOI: 10.1038/srep45846. View

13.

Ng M, Freeman M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Thomson B . Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012. JAMA. 2014; 311(2):183-92. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.284692. View

14.

Smith N, Prasad S, Patel A, Weiner A, Pariser J, Razmaria A . Bladder Cancer Mortality in the United States: A Geographic and Temporal Analysis of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors. J Urol. 2015; 195(2):290-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.07.091. View

15.

DeSantis C, Bray F, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Anderson B, Jemal A . International Variation in Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015; 24(10):1495-506. DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0535. View

16.

David K, Mallin K, Milowsky M, Ritchey J, Carroll P, Nanus D . Surveillance of urothelial carcinoma: stage and grade migration, 1993-2005 and survival trends, 1993-2000. Cancer. 2009; 115(7):1435-47. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24147. View

17.

DOLL R, Hill A . Lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking; a second report on the mortality of British doctors. Br Med J. 1956; 2(5001):1071-81. PMC: 2035864. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5001.1071. View

18.

Arnold M, Sierra M, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F . Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Gut. 2016; 66(4):683-691. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310912. View

19.

Leal J, Luengo-Fernandez R, Sullivan R, Witjes J . Economic Burden of Bladder Cancer Across the European Union. Eur Urol. 2015; 69(3):438-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.10.024. View

20.

Kim H, Fay M, Feuer E, Midthune D . Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med. 2000; 19(3):335-51. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::aid-sim336>3.0.co;2-z. View