Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R) in Psychiatric Patients

Overview

Journal J Caring Sci

Specialty Nursing

Date 2018 Jan 6

PMID 29302573

Citations 1

Authors

Muhammad Gooshi

Masoud Siratinir

Abbas Ebadi

Abbas Tavallai

Abolfazl Mohammadi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In psychiatric settings, aggressive events frequently occur during therapy. The use of a proper standard scale to register aggression can facilitate the assessment and control of aggression and help reduce its frequency and severity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R). This psychometric study of the scale was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the SOAS-R. The validation of the scale was assessed on the basis of 319 aggressive events in the psychiatric wards of the Baqiyatallah and Roozbeh hospitals. Convenience sampling was used for subject selection. Psychometric properties of SOAS-R were studied in two stages. First, the standard scale was translated according to the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) translation methodology. The face validity, content, and construct validity of the translated version were then determined. The construct validity of the scale was assessed by comparing the known groups. The internal consistency of the whole scale was 0.99. The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.85-0.99 while kappa coefficient was 0.43 to 0.65 for different aspects of the SOAS-R. The validity of the scale was concurrently assessed by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), with a Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient of 0.90. These results showed a favourable validity and reliability for the Persian version of the SOAS-R for the assessment of aggressive behaviour in psychiatric patients.

Citing Articles

Assessment of aggressive behaviours on an adolescent inpatient psychiatric ward in Poland using the SOAS-R tool - preliminary report.

Zabinska-Rejowska E, Pilecki M, Makara-Studzinska M, Lickiewicz J, Plakhtyr D, Jankowiak B Postep Psychiatr Neurol. 2025; 33(1):241-247.

PMID: 40070425 PMC: 11891751. DOI: 10.5114/ppn.2024.147101.

Validation of the 30-item nurses' observation scale for inpatient evaluation and mental health-care promotion.

Nir M, Khalili R, Mahmoudi H, Ebadi A, Habibi R J Educ Health Promot. 2020; 9:281.

PMID: 33282986 PMC: 7709770. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_156_20.

References

Jenkins R, Othieno C, Okeyo S, Aruwa J, Kingora J, Jenkins B . Health system challenges to integration of mental health delivery in primary care in Kenya--perspectives of primary care health workers. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013; 13:368. PMC: 3852631. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-368. View

Rubio-Valera M, Luciano J, Ortiz J, Salvador-Carulla L, Gracia A, Serrano-Blanco A . Health service use and costs associated with aggressiveness or agitation and containment in adult psychiatric care: a systematic review of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry. 2015; 15:35. PMC: 4356166. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0417-x. View

Abderhalden C, Needham I, Dassen T, Halfens R, Fischer J, Haug H . Frequency and severity of aggressive incidents in acute psychiatric wards in Switzerland. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2007; 3:30. PMC: 2231349. DOI: 10.1186/1745-0179-3-30. View

Flannery Jr R, Wyshak G, Tecce J, Flannery G . Characteristics of American assaultive psychiatric patients: review of published findings, 2000-2012. Psychiatr Q. 2014; 85(3):319-28. DOI: 10.1007/s11126-014-9294-6. View

Pich J, Hazelton M, Sundin D, Kable A . Patient-related violence against emergency department nurses. Nurs Health Sci. 2010; 12(2):268-74. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00525.x. View

Iozzino L, Ferrari C, Large M, Nielssen O, de Girolamo G . Prevalence and Risk Factors of Violence by Psychiatric Acute Inpatients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015; 10(6):e0128536. PMC: 4464653. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128536. View

Clarke D, Brown A, Griffith P . The Brøset Violence Checklist: clinical utility in a secure psychiatric intensive care setting. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2010; 17(7):614-20. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2010.01558.x. View

Abderhalden C, Needham I, Dassen T, Halfens R, Haug H, Fischer J . Structured risk assessment and violence in acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008; 193(1):44-50. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.045534. View

Iennaco J, Whittemore R, Dixon J . Aggressive Event Incidence using the Staff Observation of Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R): A Longitudinal Study. Psychiatr Q. 2016; 88(3):485-499. DOI: 10.1007/s11126-016-9462-y. View

10.

Kobes M, Nijman H, Bulten E . Assessing aggressive behavior in forensic psychiatric patients: validity and clinical utility of combining two instruments. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2012; 26(6):487-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2012.04.004. View

11.

Noda T, Nijman H, Sugiyama N, Tsujiwaki K, Putkonen H, Sailas E . Factors affecting assessment of severity of aggressive incidents: using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale - Revised (SOAS-R) in Japan. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2011; 19(9):770-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01838.x. View

12.

Grube M, Liszka R, Weigand-Tomiuk H . Creatine kinase associated with aggressive behavior in psychiatric patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008; 30(6):564-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.08.002. View

13.

Tenneij N, Goedhard L, Stolker J, Nijman H, Koot H . The correspondence between the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised and two other indicators for aggressive incidents. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2009; 23(4):283-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2008.07.001. View

14.

Carpiniello B, Lai L, Pirarba S, Sardu C, Pinna F . Impulsivity and aggressiveness in bipolar disorder with co-morbid borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2010; 188(1):40-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.10.026. View

15.

Nijman H, Palmstierna T, Almvik R, Stolker J . Fifteen years of research with the Staff Observation Aggression Scale: a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005; 111(1):12-21. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00417.x. View

16.

Chan O, Chow K . Assessment and determinants of aggression in a forensic psychiatric institution in Hong Kong, China. Psychiatry Res. 2014; 220(1-2):623-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.008. View

17.

Hornsveld R, Nijman H, Hollin C, Kraaimaat F . Development of the Observation Scale for Aggressive Behavior (OSAB) for Dutch forensic psychiatric inpatients with an antisocial personality disorder. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2007; 30(6):480-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2007.09.009. View

18.

Sato M, Noda T, Sugiyama N, Yoshihama F, Miyake M, Ito H . Characteristics of aggression among psychiatric inpatients by ward type in Japan: Using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale - Revised (SOAS-R). Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2016; 26(6):602-611. DOI: 10.1111/inm.12228. View