A Topology-Centric View on Mitotic Chromosome Architecture

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2017 Dec 21

PMID 29258269

Citations 18

Authors

Ewa Piskadlo

Raquel A Oliveira

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Mitotic chromosomes are long-known structures, but their internal organization and the exact process by which they are assembled are still a great mystery in biology. Topoisomerase II is crucial for various aspects of mitotic chromosome organization. The unique ability of this enzyme to untangle topologically intertwined DNA molecules (catenations) is of utmost importance for the resolution of sister chromatid intertwines. Although still controversial, topoisomerase II has also been proposed to directly contribute to chromosome compaction, possibly by promoting chromosome self-entanglements. These two functions raise a strong directionality issue towards topoisomerase II reactions that are able to disentangle sister DNA molecules (in trans) while compacting the same DNA molecule (in cis). Here, we review the current knowledge on topoisomerase II role specifically during mitosis, and the mechanisms that directly or indirectly regulate its activity to ensure faithful chromosome segregation. In particular, we discuss how the activity or directionality of this enzyme could be regulated by the SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) complexes, predominantly cohesin and condensin, throughout mitosis.

Citing Articles

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Carmo C, Coelho J, Silva R, Tavares A, Boavida A, Gaetani P EMBO Rep. 2023; 24(9):e56463.

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Separase and Roads to Disengage Sister Chromatids during Anaphase.

Konecna M, Abbasi Sani S, Anger M Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(5).

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Topoisomerases I and II facilitate condensin DC translocation to organize and repress X chromosomes in C. elegans.

Morao A, Kim J, Obaji D, Sun S, Ercan S Mol Cell. 2022; 82(22):4202-4217.e5.

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Topological gelation of reconnecting polymers.

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